Key Associations

Question 1

aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Answer 1

atherosclerosis

Question 2

aortic aneurysm - arch (thoracic)

Answer 2

tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

Question 3

aortic aneursym - asecending aorta

Answer 3

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 4

atrophy of mamillary bodies

Answer 4

Wernicke encephalopathy

Question 5

autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 5

sickle cell anemia (hgb S)

Question 6

bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Answer 6

H pylori

Question 7

bacterial meningitis - adults and elderly

Answer 7

Strep pneumo

Question 8

bacterial meningitis - newborns

Answer 8

Group B Strep, E coli

Question 9

bacterial meningitis - kids

Answer 9

Strep pneumo, Neisseria meningitidis

Question 10

benign melanocytic nevus

Answer 10

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Question 11

bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 11

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von willebrand factor)

Question 12

brain tumor (adults)

Answer 12

supratentorial. metastasis > astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma

Question 13

brain tumor (kids)

Answer 13

infratentorial. medulloblastoma (CBL) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 14

breast cancer

Answer 14

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 15

breast mass

Answer 15

fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 16

breast tumor (benign)

Answer 16

fibroadenoma

Question 17

cardiac primary tumor (kids)

Answer 17

rhabdomyoma - often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 18

cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 18

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affects both sides of mitral valve)

Question 19

cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 19

metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium- “ball and valve”)

Question 20

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 20

Chiari II malformation

Question 21

chronic arrythmia

Answer 21

a-fib (high risk of emboli)

Question 22

chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 22

predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 23

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 23

DES exposure in utero

Question 24

compression fracture

Answer 24

osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman, type II: elderly man or woman)

Question 25

congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 25

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 26

congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 26

VSD

Question 27

congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Answer 27

Dubin-Johnson syndrome - inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Question 28

constrictive pericarditis

Answer 28

TB (developing), SLE (1st world)

Question 29

coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Answer 29

LAD > RCA > LCA

Question 30

cretinism

Answer 30

iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Question 31

Cushing syndrome

Answer 31

iatrogenic cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma, paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 32

early cyanosis

Answer 32

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 33

late cyanosis

Answer 33

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 34

death in CML

Answer 34

blast crisis

Question 35

death in SLE

Answer 35

lupus nephropathy

Question 36

dementia

Answer 36

alzheimer, multiple infarcts

Question 37

DIC

Answer 37

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Question 38

diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 38

Zenker diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)

Question 39

ejection click

Answer 39

aortic stenosis

Question 40

esophageal cancer

Answer 40

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US)

Question 41

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Answer 41

Staph aureus, B cereus

Question 42

glomerulonephritis (adults)

Answer 42

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 43

gynecologic malignancy

Answer 43

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US), cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Question 44

heart murmur, congenital

Answer 44

mitral valve prolapse