Key Associations Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly decreased plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
3
Q
Age ranges for pts with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
A
ALL: child
CLL: adult
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
5
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vaso vasorum destruction
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
8
Q
Aortic dissection
A
HTN
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell disease (Hgb S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies (adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma)
A
H.pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S.pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns)
S.penumoniae/N.meningitidis (kids/teens)
14
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Invasive ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign, young women)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestations of lupus
A
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (non-bacterial)
23
Q
Cardiac tumors (adults)
A
Mestastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium: ball and valve)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsil are herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
29
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dublin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficient/congenital hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
35
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, Truncus arteriosus
36
Death in CML
Blast crisis
37
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
38
Dementia
ALZ disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
39
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
40
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complication, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
41
Diverticulum in pharynx
Sender diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
42
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
43
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
44
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S.aureus, B.cereus
45
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
46
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
47
Gynecological malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common world wide)
48
Heart murmur (congenital)
Mitral valve prolapse
49
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
50
Helminth infections (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
51
Hematoma (epidural)
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lent inform shaped)
52
Hematoma (subdural)
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
53
Hemachromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can results from heart failure, "bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
54
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with HBV, HCV and with alcoholism)
55
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand disease
56
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
57
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
58
HLA-DR3
DM type I, SLE, Graves' disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease
59
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
60
HLA-DR4
DM type I, RA, Addison disease
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulabilty, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (increased risk of thrombosis)
63
HTN, secondary
Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign)
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S.aureus, E.coli, Aspergiullus (catalase +)
68
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome
| Fragile X syndrome
69
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S.saprophyticus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
Cystine = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA, results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
77
Metastases to brain
Lung > brain > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
78
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
80
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
81
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
82
Mixed (UMN & LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
83
Myocarditis
Coxsackievirus B
84
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
85
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
86
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
87
Nosocomial pneumonia
S.aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods
88
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
89
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
90
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii
91
Osteomyelitis
S.aureus (most common overall)
92
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
93
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S.aureus
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease
C.trachomatis, N.gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
101
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45X,0) or 45,X0/XX mosaic)
102
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
106
Pulmonary HTN
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg HF), lung disease (eg COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg OSA), thromboembolic (eg PE)
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Refractory peptic ulcers and high Gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastronomy of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma, associated with Von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndrome (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
110
RHF due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filling pressure (eg mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
112
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
C.trachomatis (usually coinfection with N.gonorrhoeae)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
T(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
119
T(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor for oncogene)
120
T(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
121
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatic
122
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive) increase placental ALP
123
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
124
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
125
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
126
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
127
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
128
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
129
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
130
UTI
E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
131
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; Type II:elderly man or woman)
132
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant woman are at high risk; body stores only 3-4month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
