Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Age ranges for patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
A
ALL: child
CLL: adult >60
AML: adult ~65
CML: adult 45-85
5
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
3ry syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Aortic dissection
A
Hypertension
10
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
11
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis or shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
12
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg. adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
A
H pylori
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S pneumoniae
14
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns)
S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)
15
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
16
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
17
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
18
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
19
Q
Breast cancer
A
Invasive ductal carcinoma
20
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
21
Q
Breast tumor (benign, young woman)
A
Fibroadenoma
22
Q
Cardiac 1 tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
23
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
24
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)
25
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
26
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
27
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
28
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina
DES exposure in utero
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dupin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)
| Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
- Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
35
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
36
Death in CML
Blast crisis
37
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
38
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
39
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
40
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
41
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
42
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
43
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| Adenocarcinoma (US)
44
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
45
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
46
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
47
Gynecologic malignancy
```
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
```
48
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
49
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
50
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
51
Hematoma -subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
52
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
53
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
54
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
55
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
56
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
57
HLA-DR3
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease
58
HLA-DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease
59
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
60
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (increased risk of thrombosis)
61
Hypertension, 2ry
Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism
62
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
63
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
64
Infection 2ry to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
65
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Catalase + : S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus
66
Hematoma -epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
67
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
68
Kidney stones
Calcium=radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium)=radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species and S saprophyticus)
Uric acid=radiolucent
Cystine=radiolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
73
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
74
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast>lung>thyroid
76
Metastasis to brain
Lung>breast>genitourinary>melanoma>GI
77
Metastasis to liver
Colon>>stomach, pancreas
78
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram - rods
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S aureus (most common overall)
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
97
Pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae
98
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
99
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
100
1ry amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO or 45, XO/46, XX mosaic)
101
1ry bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
102
1ry hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
103
1ry hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
104
1ry liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
105
Pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg HF), lung disease (eg COPD), hyperemic vasoconstriction (eg OSA), thromboembolic (eg EP)
106
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
107
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MEN1
108
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
109
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
110
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filling pressure (eg mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
111
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
2ry hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
113
Sexually transmitted disease
C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)
114
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
115
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
116
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid arter
117
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
118
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
119
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
120
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
121
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increased placental ALP
122
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
123
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
124
Tumor in infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
125
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
126
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
127
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
128
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
129
UTI
E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
130
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
131
Viral encephalophalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
132
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
