key associations

Question 1

penicillin

Answer 1

Group A/B strep, syphilis, strep throat, dental abscess (oral anaerobes)

Question 2

oxacillin

Answer 2

for penicillinase resistant, S aureus drug (MSSA)

Question 3

ampicillin

Answer 3

broader than penicillin, adds gram neg activity, enterococcus, H flu, and listeria** otitis media

Question 4

amoxicillin

Answer 4

oral form of ampicillin, strep throat

Question 5

piperacillin

Answer 5

broadest spectrum penicillin, strep and MSSA, more gram neg, pseudomonas** - in hospital

Question 6

ampicillin and sulbactam

Answer 6

more gram neg coverage, more active against MSSA, not pseudomonas

mixed - for intraabdominal infections, foot infections

Question 7

piperacillin and tazobactam

Answer 7

pseudomonas, hospital pneumonia, abdominal infections

Question 8

cefazolin

Answer 8

1 - gram pos - MSSA, streptococcal, less toxicity

LFT, interstitial nephritis

Question 9

cefurozime

Answer 9

2 - respiratory, more gram neg

Question 10

cefoxitin

Answer 10

2 - anaerobic coverage, abdominal, more gram neg

Question 11

ceftriaxone

Answer 11

3 - more gram neg, community infections, pneumococcus**, not atypical, excellent CNS penetration

Question 12

ceftazidime

Answer 12

3 - only gram neg, nosocomial meningitis

Question 13

cefepime

Answer 13

4 - rules break, has pos and neg, pseudomonas, neutropenic with fever

Question 14

ceftaroline

Answer 14

5 - only one with MRSA, not pseudomonas

Question 15

aztreonam

Answer 15

only gram negative and pseudomonas, low hypersensitivity reaction

Question 16

iminpenem

Answer 16

IV only, mixed infections, very broad, pos and neg,

for extended spectrum beta-lactamases

Question 17

ertapenem

Answer 17

not active against pseudomonas, mixed infections, very broad, pos and neg,

Question 18

vancomycin

Answer 18

purely gram positive, MRSA, C. diff, for resistant strep pneumoniae

• red man syndrome, nephrotoxic, ototoxic

Question 19

daptomycin

Answer 19

purely gram positive, MRSA, VRE, inactivated by surfactant (not for pneumonia)

Question 20

ciprofloxacin

Answer 20

best gram neg and pseudomonas

Question 21

levofloxacin

Answer 21

outpatient infections - think pneumonia, some neg, better pos, s pneumoniae - atypical organisms

Question 22

moxifloxacin

Answer 22

outpatient infections - think pneumonia, adds anaerobic, NOT for UTI

Question 23

drug with cation interactions

Answer 23

quinolones

Question 24

adverse of quinolones

Answer 24

QT prolong, tendon rupture, cartilage erosion

Question 25

metronidazole

Answer 25

toxic intermediates, mainly anaerobes (bacteroides and C. diff) - GI infections - protozoa metallic taste, alcohol, peripheral neuropathy below diaphragm

Question 26

sulfamethoxazole

Answer 26

inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

Question 27

trimethoprim

Answer 27

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Question 28

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim

Answer 28

bactrim - UTI, respiratory, treats PCP allergies, kernicterus, bone marrow, hemolytic anemia

Question 29

linezolid

Answer 29

50S - gram positive only, MRSA and VRE bone marrow suppression, not with antidepressant

Question 30

doxycycline

Answer 30

30S tick borne illnesses teeth and bones - erodes enamel - esophageal ulceration - photosensitivity

Question 31

aminoglycosides

Answer 31

only gram negative incl pseudomonas, toxic concentration dependent killing, post antibiotic effect

Question 32

macrolies (azithromycin)

Answer 32

50S - bacteriostatic, gram positive, atypical pathogens, camplyobacter*

Question 33

clindamycin

Answer 33

50S primarily anaerobic, many inc bone infections above diaphragm - oral anaerobes with gram positives can cause severe colitis

Question 34

nitrofurantoin

Answer 34

for UTI treatment