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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

enveloped viruses are sensitive to…

A

detergent and bleach`

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2
Q

what a virus needs for infection

A

tropism - enough numbers, accessible, susceptible and permissive entry point, down defenses

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3
Q

measles

A

cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, 2-3days later are Koplik spots, 3-5 days later is rash

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4
Q

encounter and spread of measles

A

airbourne droplets, spread in respiratory tract to blood and skin

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5
Q

complications of measles

A

encephalitis and sub-acute sclerosing pan-encephalitis years later

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6
Q

rubella

A

usually very short, but is teratogenic

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7
Q

mumps

A

swelling of salivary glands, self resolving, transmitted by respiratory droplets

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8
Q

erythema infectuosum

A

parvovirus B19, cold followed by rash, contagious prior to rash but not after it appears

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9
Q

sketchy symptoms of measels

A

four Cs - cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and koplik spots

  • confluent rash
  • can cause pneumonia and SSPE
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10
Q

measles, mumps and rubella

A

measels - 4Cs, SSPE
Mumps - parotid, self resolving
rubella- mild, shorter than measels, causes birth defects in babies

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11
Q

parvovirus B19

A

causes erythema infectuosum

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12
Q

RIDT

A

rapid influenza diagnostic testing, for flu. can use viral culture and PCR to confirm

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13
Q

HA

A

binds sialic acid receptor and fuses membrane

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14
Q

NA

A

cleaves sialic acid, releases virions from cell surface

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15
Q

type A flu

A

migratory birds are reservoir, only one with antigenic shift

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16
Q

type B flu

A

only in humans

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17
Q

how does antigenic shift happen

A

pigs infected with both avian and human flu, leading to shift

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18
Q

highly virulent but mildly contagious illness

A

avian flu

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19
Q

types of flu vaccines

A

normal: H1N1, H3N2, and type B
healthcare worker: flulaval, fluzone, afluria
recombinant: flublok

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20
Q

how do antivirals for flu work

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir - block neuraminidase

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21
Q

most common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV, high risk in premature, disease, immunocompromised

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22
Q

palivizumab

A

used for passive immunization in children from RSV

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23
Q

coronaviruses

A

SARS and common cold and MERS

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24
Q

adenoviruses

A

infection of tonsils, acute pneumonia in military recruits, public pools (pink eye)

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25
how pathogens enter brain
1. CSF via choroid plexus | 2. direct infection
26
CSF features in encephalitis
pleocytosis, high protein, normal glucose
27
HSV-1 encephalitis
temporal lobe, can be treated, use PCR, peripheral nerve entry
28
drug of choice in HSV encephalitis
acyclovir
29
EEE
entry in blood by mosquitoes, severe, no treatment
30
west nile
from the clux mosquito, not direct patient to patient, encephalitis and flaccid paralysis
31
two types of rabies
1. encephalitic | 2. paralytic
32
negri bodies
eosinophilic cytomplasmic inclusions in neurons
33
HIV 1 vs 2
differ in composition of env
34
cells with CD4 receptors
T cells, dendritic cells macrophages, glial cells, gut ephithelium, BM progenitor cells
35
HIV co receptors
CCR5 - early | CXCR4 later
36
gut in HIV
destruction of GALT, release of LPS, early fibrosis of gut mucosa
37
opportunistic infections and CD numbers
PCP -200 Tox - 100 MAC - 50
38
IRIS
immune reconstituion inflammatory syndrome - myco, PCP, toxo, CMV, crypto, with high viral load and CD4 counts
39
Candidiasis in HIV
200, in mouth or esophogitis - treated with azoles
40
PCP in HIV
200, ground glass appearance, use BAL for diagnosis or methenamine silver stain
41
cryptococcis in HIV
200, no primary prophylaxis meningitis, | diagnosis - india ink, encapsulated, halos
42
treatment of cryptococcus
amphotericin B followed flucytosine by fluconazole
43
MAC in HIV
50 - fever, night sweats, weight loss, anemia, alk phos, LDH, IRIS, *blood isolator treat with azithromycin
44
Toxo in HIV
100 - CNS and chorioretinitis, ring enhancing lesions,
45
CMV in HIV
50 - retinitis*, vision loss, esophogitis and colitis
46
treatment of CMV
ganciclovir
47
dengue
aedes aegypti mosquitos, break bone fever, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic fever, renal failure - no treatment besides hydration * positive tourniquet test (more bleeding)
48
chikungunya
joint pain and swelling, treatment is supportive
49
yellow fever
jaundice, back ache, bloody diarrhea and vomiting, has live vaccine, deep in jungle, PRNT test
50
polio
fecal-oral, very stable, anterior horn of LMN cell bodies, asymmetric paralysis, meningitis
51
coxsackie
A: hand foot and mouth disease, meningitis B: dilated cardiomyopathy, devils grip - sharp pain (pleurodynia)
52
rotavirus
watery diarrhea, NSP4, children in winter, rotatex and rotarix
53
norovirus
low infectious dose, food bourne illness, abrupt symptoms, shellfish, explosive diahrrea
54
virus in craniospinal ganglia
HSV-1 (trigeminal)
55
virus in sacral ganglia
HSV2
56
herpetic whitlow
herpes virus in fingers of dentists
57
keratitis
in ocular HSV infections
58
temporal lobe infection
HSV, only treatable one
59
virus in DRG
VZV
60
small pox vs chicken pox
small pox - all the same age, centrifugal pattern, slow | chicken pox - all different ages, centripital pattern, fast
61
molluscum contagiosum
in young children, in adults with HIV
62
postherpetic neuralgia
pain after shingles infection
63
EBV
causes mono, kissing disease, targets B lymphocytes
64
3 cancers with EBV
Burkitts lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma oral hairy leukoplakia
65
malaria mosquito
anopheles
66
describe life cycle of malaria
sporozoite enters from mosquito, infects hepatocyte, merozoite is released, infects RBC, immature trophozoite is formed, schizonts are released from RBC and attach to vessels, can also form gametocytes and can be taken up by mosquito bite
67
differences in malaria species
falciparum - all RBCs, sequester in microvasculature vivax and ovale - reticulocytes, can be dormant in liver malariae - older RBCs
68
PfEMP1
highly variant antigen on RBC knobs, leads to accumulation of RBCs in vessels
69
terian vs quartan malaria
3 vs 4 days of fever, 4 = malariae
70
pathogenesis of immune response in malaria
- parasites release GPI - cytokines | - quinine-dependent thrombocytopenia
71
host genetics importance in malaria
pfemp1, duffy blood group antigens, sickle cell trait, G6PD
72
treatment of malaria in pregnancy
chloroquine, quinine plus clindamcin, mefloquine - not primaquine due to G6PD
73
mechanism of resistance in malaria
pfcrt transport protein - P450 metabolism - K13 propeller gene in artemisinin
74
basics of malaria treatment
1. start with chloroquine - blocks heme polymerization 2. if resistant use mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil 3. if bad use quinidine 4. primaquine for hypnozoites

Micro (7 decks)

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