Key Grammar Concepts Flashcards
How is the present perfect tense formed?
1 - verbs w/ regular past participles
Take the present tense of the auxiliary verb “haver” meaning “to have.”
Add a past participle.
The present perfect tense
It describes an action from the recent past that has a connection in the speaker’s mind to the present.
How is the present perfect tense formed?
2 - verbs w/ irregular past participles
Take the present tense of “haber.”
Add the past participle.
Haber
to have
- he
- has
- ha
- hemos
- habéis
- han
AR
past participle; regular
Take off the infinitive ending and add “-ado.”
ER and IR
past participle; regular
Take off the infinitive ending and add “-ido.”
REVV MAC PHDD
most common irregular
Roto → Romper
Escrito → Escribir
Vuelto → Volver
Visto → Ver
Muerto → Morir
Abierto → Abrir
Cubierto → Cubrir
Puesto → Poner
Hecho → Hacer
Dicho → Decir
Descubierto → Descubrir
Definite articles
These articles can help a speaker identify a particular noun.
Instances when a definite article is required in Spanish:
- Before days of the week (except following “ser”), seasons, and titles of respect (unless you’re directly addressing that person)
- When speaking in a general way about something or with an abstract noun
- With names of languages (except when directly following certain verbs)
- With body parts or clothing, frequently after reflexive verbs
- When telling time
Definite articles:
El Los
La Las
Indefinite articles
These articles usually refer to a noun in a general way, w/o identifying a specific person or object.
Indefinite articles:
Un Unos
Una Unas
