Key info on Carter

Question 1

years of Carters presidency

Answer 1

1977-81

Question 2

did Carter support the ERA

Answer 2

yes !

Question 3

what mobilised large numbers of voters in the 1978 congressional election

Answer 3

national right to life committee estb by Catholic Church

Question 4

when was concerned women for America estb and by who

Answer 4

1979
Beverly LaHaye

Question 5

aim of concerned women for America
(was it popular)

Answer 5

opposed ERA and abortion
family focus rather than depriving men of employment
- by mid 80s had half a mil supporters

Question 6

what was ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court in 1977

Answer 6

a 1976 law banning federal federal funding for abortion

Question 7

why did Carter struggle to alleviate poverty

Answer 7

• white flight exacerbating inner city poverty
• federal expenditure on social security and health care rocketing
• recessions were growing number below poverty line
• homeless grew

Question 8

why did Carter not do much to alleviate poverty

Answer 8

wanted spending restrained to balance federal budget

Question 9

how many were estimated to be homeless in 1980

Answer 9

1 million

Question 10

what was the cause of racial violence in Florida

Answer 10

af-ams blamed Carter for being unsupportive on social welfare programmes and busing
- suffered disproportionately during recessions

Question 11

what happened in liberty city, Miami 1980

Answer 11

riot in black neighbourhoods with 16 dying and over 400 injured

Question 12

what Supreme Court ruling in 1978 on affirmative action

Answer 12

Bakke v regents of the university of California

Question 13

explain Bakke v regents of the university of California (+year)

Answer 13

1978
upheld affirmative action
- Bakke complained they were letting in minorities with lower grades than him

Question 14

why did soviets become disillusioned with detente (3)

Answer 14

• Carter criticised their human rights record
• excluded them from Middle East peace process
• too friendly with china

Question 15

what was considered carter’s triumph in Middle East

Answer 15

detente with Egypt and Isreal

Question 16

when was pro - American Shah overthrown by islamic fundamentalists

Answer 16

1979

Question 17

how many American hostages did Iran students take

Answer 17

60

Question 18

how did Carter negotiate the release of American hostages (3)

Answer 18

• stopped US purchase of Iranian oil
• forze iranian assets
• attempted a poorly planned military rescue in April 1980

Question 19

why did the military rescue of the hostages in April 1980 go badly

Answer 19

mechanical failures of helicopters being used
- 8 us servicemen dead

Question 20

impact of us hostages

Answer 20

• ruined carters public image - contributed to him losing second term elections
• Americans felt powerless and humiliated

Question 21

how did the situation in Afghanistan start

Answer 21

they were pro soviet but very divided so soviets invaded in 79 in support of the moderate faction

Question 22

why did soviets want to invade Afghanistan - how many troops there

Answer 22

they bordered Soviet Union and wanted to remain friendly
100,000 troops

Question 23

american response to soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 23

• rejected SALT II
  -stopped us exports to ussr and participation in Moscow olympics
• increased defence expenditure and promised us intervention if soviets threatened western interest in Middle East

Question 24

result of busing

Answer 24

Bostons public schools went from 48,000 whites to 16,000 by 1987
6% of population moved tp suburbs to escape integrated schools in 70s

Question 25

how many af-ams were middle class by 1980

Answer 25

1/3

Question 26

what was the reason for rising af-ams being middle class

Answer 26

- affirmative action in unis - EEOC pressure to decrease discrimination in hiring - affirmative actions where percentage of minority owned businesses 'set aside'

Question 27

how did median household income show there was still not racial equality

Answer 27

in 1980 median black household income was only 60% of whites

Question 28

black infant mortality rate in 1980

Answer 28

remained twice that of whites

Question 29

what city elected a black mayor in 1979

Answer 29

Birmingham :)

Question 30

what helped to revolutionise black political status

Answer 30

voting rights act

Question 31

political issues for af-ams remained in 1980 such as (3)

Answer 31

- black Americans still struggled to win statewide elections - 12% of population but 1% of elected officials - the 20 black Americans in house of reps represented majority black congressional districts

Question 32

position as a superpower by 1980: humiliated by:

Answer 32

- Vietnam - iranian hostages - America being perceived as aggressive by other countries - soviet nuclear and naval parity and expansionism

Question 33

what percent of Americans saw their position as a super power becoming weaker

Answer 33

62%

Question 34

what percent of Americans considerd America in serious trouble

Answer 34

81%

Question 35

what had contributed to a federal budget deficit and inflation

Answer 35

vietnam war and welfare programmes

Question 36

what increased the cost of living

Answer 36

higher fuel costs made manufactured goods less competitive

Question 37

how many in Detroit were unemployed due to decrease in manufacturing

Answer 37

24%

Question 38

what nation was rivalling Americans car market

Answer 38

Japan

Question 39

why were Japanese cars more economical

Answer 39

they were smaller and more efficient due to high petrol prices whereas us cars were 'gas guzzlers'

Question 40

what percent of Americans rates Carter a strong leader (presidential election 1980)

Answer 40

18%

Question 41

what percent of voters stayed home for the 1980 election

Answer 41

47%

Question 42

why did nearly half of the voters stay home

Answer 42

considered Carter uninspiring despite usually voting democrat

Question 43

'great communicator' in the 1980 election

Answer 43

Reagan came across as warm and optimistic - he asked if Americans felt better off after 4 years with Carter

Question 44

why did social conservatives vote for Reagan

Answer 44

- expressed disgust with protets, drug taking and sexual liberalisation. feminism etc - didn't agree with women rights (era, abortion, unmarried mothers on welfare) - opposed supreme courts ruling against school prayer - criticised federal courts for not allowing creationism

Question 45

why were evangelical christians significant in the 1980 elections

Answer 45

estimated 5 mil who had never voted before voted for Reagan