key info on Eisenhower

Question 1

why did conservatives elect ike (5)

Answer 1

• richard nixon as running mate
• conservative economic stance
• refused to criticise mccarthy
• accused democracts as being soft on communism
• supported state rights

Question 2

what war did ike promise to end during election

Answer 2

korean

Question 3

when was ike’s presidency

Answer 3

1953-61

Question 4

what did he mean by dynamic conservatism

Answer 4

conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to people

Question 5

how much did trumans defence expenditure rise to during trumans presidency

Answer 5

300%

Question 6

what did the 1958 national defence education act do (2)

Answer 6

• low cost loans for college students
• federal funds to improve scienve maths and foriegn languages (important during cold war)

Question 7

what did truman set up for poor school kids that he continued

Answer 7

free lunches to poor kids

Question 8

minimum wage raised from 75 cents to

Answer 8

$1

Question 9

how many more americans had social secuirty coverage

Answer 9

10 mil

Question 10

why did eisenhower establish the interstate highway system (4)

Answer 10

• poor roads hampered military transportation (threat to national security)
• number of cars on roads increasing
• stimulated economy - created jobs (had slowed after K war)
• only federal govt could solve this problem because states all disagreed on matter

Question 11

how did eisenhower use nixon (4)

Answer 11

• wanted to say above partisan politics so let nixon attack democracts
• nixon had lots of congressional experience so was useful liasion to congress
• had him do goodwill visits to foreign nations (toured latin america)
• when he was ill had him perform presidential duties

Question 12

how did eisenhower seem moderate republican

Answer 12

• wanted to improve soviet american relations
• estb NATO
• foreign aid a good cold war investment
• didnt dismantle new deal legislation
• extended social secuirty

Question 13

what was the bricker amendment and who favoured it

Answer 13

woudve restricted presidents powers to make treaties with foriegn nations but the democracts helped defeat it.
- 45/48 repubs supported this

Question 14

why did eisenhower not stand up to mccarthy

Answer 14

• thought it would demean his presidency and that he would eventually self destruct

Question 15

what was low in 50s that grew consumer society

Answer 15

inflation and unemployment

Question 16

what factors caused a growing economy

Answer 16

• economic rivals such as germany were still rebuiliding economies after ww2
• cheap oil
• baby boom
• building of suburban homes
• groiwng use of cars stimulated service industry (maccies grew)
• cars were now a show of status

Question 17

how many cars manufactored in 1955 alone

Answer 17

7.9 mil

Question 18

why did ppl criticise consumerism and materialism

Answer 18

• undermines trad values of hard work and frugality
• conformity and standardisation
• selfishness

Question 19

how many homes had televisons by 1960

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

what did televisions have that furthered consumer society

Answer 20

adveritisements

Question 21

example of suburb

Answer 21

Levittown

Question 22

why was the ‘new look’ defence policy introduced

Answer 22

feared excessive defence expendityre would damage USA

Question 23

what did new look defence policy rely on rather than

Answer 23

nuclear weapons and less upon conventional forces

Question 24

who was his sec of state

Answer 24

john dulles

Question 25

what did dulles say america would use if threatened by aggression

Answer 25

massive retaliation

Question 26

when did stalin die

Answer 26

1953 spring

Question 27

impact of stalins death

Answer 27

new leadership team seemed anxiosu to reduce tensions - led eisenhower to offer deal but it was too cheeky (wanted free unified germany and independant eastern european nations)

Question 28

what did eisnehower suggest at geneva summit in 1955

Answer 28

'open skies' - monitor each others military build up rejected by soviets

Question 29

what did number of american nuclear weapons rise to during his presidency

Answer 29

1,000 - 6,000

Question 30

when was sputnik launched into space vs the american one

Answer 30

1957 one year later in 58

Question 31

why did eisnehower establish NASA

Answer 31

american panic over soviets being better established in space than them

Question 32

what did the CIA help overthrow

Answer 32

Iran , Guatemalla and planned to do Cuba

Question 33

how did eisenhower spy on enemy military installations

Answer 33

used U-2 reconnaissance planes

Question 34

what was the u-2 incident

Answer 34

u-2 shot down - ike assumed self-detsurct was pressed so claimed it was metereological soviets produced pilot and plane heightened tensions and had to take responsibility right before paris summit

Question 35

when was u-2 incident

Answer 35

1960

Question 36

what did eisenhower refuse aid to despite promises of rollback communism

Answer 36

hunagry - they rebelled against soviets

Question 37

when did hungary rebel against soviets and communism

Answer 37

1956

Question 38

why was khru anxious in 1958

Answer 38

west refused diplomatic recongnition of east germany west berlin became a centre of western espionage

Question 39

how did khrushchev demand west become a free city - what did he threaten to do

Answer 39

hand over access routes to west germany to east berlin

Question 40

how did ike respond to khru during berlin crisis

Answer 40

insisted he would always support west and that there was no crisis - soviets went quiet - crisis passed

Question 41

why was vietnam temporarily divided into communist north and non communist south

Answer 41

- geneva conference french agreed to exit veitnam due to being defeated

Question 42

why did eisenhower build up anti communist south vietnam

Answer 42

feared it would fall to communism and other south east asia would follow

Question 43

by 1961 how has eisenhower build up non communist south vietnam

Answer 43

- gave diem nearly 7 bil in aid - 1,000 advisors on defeating communist insurgents - SEATO to protect south vietnam

Question 44

what islands did china bombard in 1954

Answer 44

Quemony and Matsu

Question 45

why did USA use CIA to stage a coup in Iran

Answer 45

PM seized control of british oul company so wanted a pro american shah to grant concessions to american oil companies

Question 46

what supreme court decision desegragated montgomery buses

Answer 46

1956 browder v gayle

Question 47

what organisation organised the bus boycott

Answer 47

NAACP

Question 48

where did the student sit ins begin in 1960

Answer 48

Woolworths white only lunch counter

Question 49

impact of sit ins

Answer 49

- woolworth desegregated all counters in south by dec 1961 - inpsired further desegregation in other areas - estb of SNCC - effectiveness of mass action

Question 50

why were many democrats becoming more liberal on race

Answer 50

- pivotal in states such as new york - retarded souths economic growth - made it a backwards region - unlikley for af-ams to quietly accept discrimination for much longer

Question 51

what was eisenhowers biggest regret electing as supreme court and why

Answer 51

earl warren- brown v board of education passed due to him

Question 52

what did brown b board rule

Answer 52

even if equal facilities it was psychologically harmful to black children

Question 53

what death did eisenhower not comment on

Answer 53

Emmet Till

Question 54

impact of eisenhower not approving of brown ruling

Answer 54

didnt respond to states who ignored it in deep south - despit esaying he would back up any federal ruling

Question 55

impact of eisnehowers passing of two civil rights act

Answer 55

- so diluted by democrats it did very little - brought only a few thousand extra voters