Key Info up to 1461

Question 1

Acronym of battles

Answer 1

Six battles lost now we must survive Towton

Question 2

Six battles lost now we must survive Towton

Answer 2

St Albans
Blore Heath
Ludford Bridge
Northampton 
Wakefield
Mortimer Cross
St Albans 2 
Towton

Question 3

St Albans 1 Date

Answer 3

1455

Question 4

1455- 59

Answer 4

Relative peace as both sides lacked support

Question 5

St Albans 1- who won?

Answer 5

Yorkists- led by Warwick

Question 6

St Albans 1- killed?

Answer 6

Somerset and leading Lancastrians

Question 7

St Albans 1- consequence?

Answer 7

York became protector again

Question 8

Blore Heath- date?

Answer 8

September 1459

Question 9

Blore Heath- who won?

Answer 9

Yorkists

Question 10

Blore Heath- what happened

Answer 10

Warwicks dad (Richard Neville) intercepted Salisbury
Fake retreat led to attack on both sides
Salisbury promised support of Stanley’s- but they didn’t show up
York captain of Calais

Question 11

Blore Heath- killed?

Answer 11

Lord Audley

Question 12

Ludford Bridge- date?

Answer 12

October 12th 1459

Question 13

Ludford Bridge- who won?

Answer 13

Lancastrian

Question 14

Ludford Bridge- who switches sides

Answer 14

Calais garrison- would not fight the king

Question 15

Ludford Bridge- consequences

Answer 15

York fled to Ireland and son (Earl of Rutland) and wife imprisoned in Coventry

Question 16

Parliament of Devils- date?

Answer 16

November 1459

Question 17

Parliament of Devils- where?

Answer 17

Coventry

Question 18

Parliament of Devils- what was it?

Answer 18

Confiscated land and titles

Convicted York to treason

Question 19

Who implemented the Parliament of Devils?

Answer 19

Margaret of Anjou

Question 20

Another name for the Parliament of Devils?

Answer 20

Act of Attainder

Question 21

How many Yorkists had the act of attainder passed against them

Answer 21

27 Yorkists (most family)

Question 22

Parliament of Devils- consequences?

Answer 22

York wanted to be king advisor but now wants the throne as he lost everything
Nobles changed side as it was ‘too harsh’

Question 23

Northampton- date?

Answer 23

July 1460

Question 24

Northampton- who won?

Answer 24

Yorkists

Question 25

Northampton- who helpers Yorkists over barricade

Answer 25

Lord Grey of Ruthin

Question 26

Northampton- who dies?

Answer 26

Duke of Buckingham

Question 27

Northampton- what happened?

Answer 27

Salisbury stayed in London as they marched London first then to Northampton Lord grey helped Yorkists

Question 28

Northampton- why did York win?

Answer 28

Lord Greys help Had control of river Lancastrians cannons didn’t fire due to weather

Question 29

Northampton- consequences?

Answer 29

Yorkists take King back to London- to keep him safe but the government control

Question 30

York returns from Ireland- date

Answer 30

September 1460

Question 31

York walks into Westminster- date

Answer 31

October 10th 1460

Question 32

York walks into Westminster- what happens?

Answer 32

He tried to claim his title by placing his hand on the throne- Archbishop of Canterbury says ‘have you come to see the king?’

Question 33

York walks into Westminster- consequences?

Answer 33

York shows he wants the throne- intentions have changed | Doesn’t have support so looks bad

Question 34

Act of Accord- date?

Answer 34

October 1460

Question 35

Act of Accord- what is it?

Answer 35

York made heir to the throne but Henry stays on the throne for now

Question 36

Act of Accord- consequences?

Answer 36

York not natural heir to the throne Disinherit Margaret’s son (Edward of Lancaster aka Prince of Wales) Shows lords are desperate to compromise for peace

Question 37

Wakefield- date?

Answer 37

December 1460

Question 38

Wakefield- who won?

Answer 38

Lancastrian

Question 39

Wakefield- where at?

Answer 39

Sandal Castle

Question 40

Wakefield- what happened?

Answer 40

Duke of Somerset and Devon joined Margaret Lancastrians surged Sandal Castle York left to fight on open ground as left the castle (perhaps tricked out of it and underestimated the enemy)

Question 41

Wakefield- weapon of choice

Answer 41

Polaxe

Question 42

Wakefield- killed?

Answer 42

Richard of York Lots of nobles More than 2000 Yorkists lives

Question 43

Wakefield- consequences?

Answer 43

Earl of Rutland and earl of Salisbury executed | York killed- head stuck on an spike at the gates of York

Question 44

Mortimer’s Cross- date?

Answer 44

February 1461

Question 45

Mortimer’s Cross- who won?

Answer 45

Yorkists

Question 46

Mortimer’s Cross- who replaces York

Answer 46

York’s son Edward (he’s young and a good leader)

Question 47

Mortimer’s Cross- what happened?

Answer 47

Margaret promises possessions of people they defeat to Jasper Tudor and the Lancastrians (pillaging) Yorkists motivated by York’s death- blood feud

Question 48

Mortimer’s Cross- propaganda

Answer 48

3 sons appeared in the sky (sign sent from God) that helped Edward of York and called him the chosen one Edward wore black armour and fought so he had respect of captains

Question 49

St Albans 2- date

Answer 49

February 17th 1461

Question 50

St Albans 2- who won

Answer 50

Lancastrian

Question 51

St Albans 2- what happened

Answer 51

Warwick was beaten | York has defensive position and Warwick moves them and failed

Question 52

St Albans 2- consequences

Answer 52

Warwick fled to the midlands London was left open for Margaret to go- she was refused entry Edward given hero’s welcome to London Edward made king, announced by Salisbury (now there were 2 kings!)

Question 53

St Albans 2- why was Margaret refused entry to London

Answer 53

Her army had a poor reputation due to robbery and pillaging towns

Question 54

Edward 4 announced as king- date?

Answer 54

March 14th 1461

Question 55

Towton- main reason for occurring

Answer 55

Fight for crown- there were two kings, Henry and Edward

Question 56

Towton- date?

Answer 56

29th March 1461

Question 57

Towton- who won

Answer 57

Yorkists

Question 58

Battle at Ferrybridge- date

Answer 58

28th March 1461

Question 59

Battle at Ferrybridge- consequences

Answer 59

Lancastrians forced to retreat | Lord Clifford killed

Question 60

Towton- who had higher ground

Answer 60

Lancastrians

Question 61

Towton- numbers of nobles

Answer 61

Lancastrians- 19 | Yorkists- 8

Question 62

Towton- why York won

Answer 62

Weather- wind and snow blew into faces of Lancastrians and their arrows fell short and picked up by Yorkists to use Late arrival of Norfolk made Lancastrians flee Lancastrians trapped by the broken bridge and attacked Edwards leadership

Question 63

Towton- killed

Answer 63

Northumberland | Devon and Wiltshire captures and executed

Question 64

Towton- Henry VI

Answer 64

Was not present as it was Palm Sunday, they escaped to Scotland

Question 65

Edward crowned- date

Answer 65

28th June 1461