key points - not specific topic Flashcards by Becky Koscik

describe how MRSA is resistant to methicillin and nafcillin?

altered penicillin-binding peptide

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gram positive infection on prosthetic devices

staphylococcus epidermidis

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dental caries

streptococcus viridans - streptococcus mutans

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subacute endocarditis @ IVDU

staph aureus

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subacute endocarditis @ post GI/Gu surgery

enterococcus

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subacute endocarditis after oral surgery/dentist

Streptococcus viridans - streptococcus sanginuous

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lancet shaped gram positive diplococci

streptococcus pneumoniae

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pyrrolidonyl arrylamidase positive

streptococcus pyogenes

GAS

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ASO titres positive

recent infection with streptococcus pyogenes

GAS

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sepsis in babies

streptococcus agalactiae group B strep

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positive hippurate test positive

streptococcus agalactiae

GVS

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endocarditis + colon cancer

group D non enterococci - Streptococcus bovis biotype I = Streptococcus gallolyticus
can cause bactermia and colon cancer.

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ABCDEFG of diptheria

ADP ribosylation
Beta phage
Corynebactirum
Diptheriae
Elongation Factor 2
granules

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List the bacteria that can form spores.

Bacillus cerues - food poisoning
Bacillus anthrax - anthrax
Clostridium difficilie - colitis
Clostridium tetani - tetanus
Clostridium perfriengens - gas gangrene
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever
Clostridium botulinum - botulism

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I say double zone of hemolysis you say?

clostridium perfringens and its alpha toxin

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if I say widening the beta hemolysis of staph aureus you say?

streptococcus agalactiae with CAMP

GBS

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if I say positive hippurate test you say?

streptococcus agalactiae

GBS

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if I say positive pyrrolidonyl arylamidase you say?

streptococcus pyogenes GAS

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if I say positive Elek test you say?

diphtheria toxin positive

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flu like symptoms that progress rapidly to a) Fever b) pulmonary hemorrhage c) mediastinitis and d) shock

pulmonary anthrax

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actin polymerization to move from cell to cell and across membranes

listeria monocytogenes with its tumbling motion and rocket tails from actin polymerization :) :)

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what is the only gram positive moo to produce an endotoxin?

listeria monocytogenes

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when I say black painless eschar with a surrounding vesicle that is PAINLESS and then becomes necrotic, still PAINLESS and can sometimes lead to bacteriemia/fatalities you think?

cutaneous anthrax
lethal toxin
oedema toxin

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when I say cereulide, you think?

the preformed enterotoxin produced by bacillus cereus that causes emetic type of food poisoning after rehearting rice and pasta, you eat it. then you puke/nausea face after 1-5 hours of ingestion. hurrah.

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oral and facial abscesses that drain through sinus tract bacteria found in normal oral flora not acid fast anaerobe that you can treat with penicillin, not sulfur ;) :)

actinomyces | yellow sulphr granules

@ immunocompromised - pulmonary infections | @ immmunocompetnent after trauma - cutaneous infections

nocardia aerobe found in soul treat with sulfonamides ;) (actinomycces sulfur granules)

niacin and heat resistant catalase, you say?

mycobacterium tuberculosis

``` low cell mediated immunity with a humoral TH2 response cannot be grown in culture glove and stocking armadillos deformity of digits ```

lepramoatous leprosy | Hansen disease

high cell mediated response with a largely TH! type immune response few hypoesthetic, hairless skin plaques

tuberculoid leprosy | Hansen disease

leptospirosis presentation please

flu like symptoms photophobia conjunctival suffusion (erythema with no exudate) jaundice calf (typically) myalgia in a surfer :) bc there is pee in the water

weil disease please

``` severe form of leptospirosis flu like symptoms azotemia jaundice renal and hepatic failure fever hemorrhage anemia ```

``` flu like symptoms azotemia jaundice hepatic and renal failure fever hemorrhage anameia ```

weil disease | leptospira interrogans

``` flu like symptoms jaundice photophobia calf myalgia conjunctival suffusion ```

leptospirosis

early sxs: erythema chronicum migrans, flu like symptoms, +/- facial nerve palsy later sxs: monoarthritis @ large joints, classically knee, migratory polyarthritis AND av nodal block AND meningitis, polyneuritis, bilateral facial nerve palsy

lyme disease borrelia burgdorferi ixodes (anaplasma and babesia)

``` erythema marginatum joints subcutaneous nodules carditis syndenham chorea impetigo or sore throat before. ```

rheumatic fever | s pyogenes

what can give a false positive (specificity low) in the VDRL for syphilis?

viruses - mono and hepatitis drugs rheumatic fever lupus and leprosy anti beef cardiolipin - sensitive but not specific thus can rule out but not rule in. hurrah biostats.

neonatal pneumonia with staccato cough and eosinophilia | neonatal conjunctivitis

chloamydia trachomatis serotypes d-k

chlamydia trachomatis serotypes ABC

Africa blindness - follicular conjunctivitis (conjunctival scarring, inverted eyelashes) chronic infection

small painless ulcers on genitals | swollen painful inguinal lymph nodes that ulcerate to buboes

lymphogranuloma venereum | chlamydia trachomatis L123

chlamydia psitticia and pneunomiae

atypical pneumonia

insidious onset of headace, nonproducive cough with a positive cold agglutination test and growth of mulberry like colonies on cholesterol enhanced media in people less than 30 yo in the military, prison or college dorms

mycoplasma pneumoniae

name invasive bacteria that will cause PMNs to be observed in stool

shigella salmonella EIEC campylobacter

name toxogenic bacteria diarrhoea style please

clostridium perfringens ETEC EHEC vibrio cholera

list some motile gram negative/positive moos

``` vibrio cholera like a shooting star helicobacter pylori pseudomonas salmonella e coli campylobacter like gall wings yersina when its cold listeria tumbles rocket ```

bacteria associated with Fitz-Hugh-Curtis

inflammation of liver capsule with adhesions | Neisseria gonorrhoea

bacteria associated with Waterhouse-Friedrichson syndrome

Neisseria gonorrhoea ecchymose, DIC. shock, coma and fatal fever cills malaise prostration and petechial rash

high fever severe pneumonia - upper lobe and unilateral gi CNS symptoms

leigonnaires disease | air conditioner

uti in catheter patients

pseudomonas and klebsiella

differentiate between EIEC, EPEC, EHEC, and ETEC

EIEC: invasive, presents like dysentery ie shigella style EPEC: adheres to M cells; flattens villi and prevents resorption. diarrhoea in children EHEC: shiga like toxin, no invasion but causes necrosis anyways - dysentery like presentation ETEC: heat labile and heat stabile watery like cholera; contaminated water - travellers diarrhoea

red current jelly sputum alcoholics chronic lung disease diabetics

klebsiella

puppies, poultry, meat, unpastuerized milk gall wings likes it hot

campylobacter jejuni

guillian barre and reactive arthritis

campylobacter jejuni

gallbladder colonization week one - constipation with bacteria in blood week two - fever week three - bacteria in stool

salmonella typhi/paratyphi

rice water diarrhoea alkaline media permanent activation fo Gs

vibrio cholera

``` pseudoappendicitis puppies contaminated milk or porl cold motile when its cold but not when its hot ```

Yersinia pestis

``` gastritis peptic ulcers urease positive positive urease breath test gastric adenocarcinoma MALToma ```

helicobacter pylori

``` flu like symptoms myalgia of the calfs photophobia jaundice conjunctival suffusion (erythema no exudate) ```

leptospirosis

``` jaundice azotemia (liver and renal failure) fever hemorrhage anaemia exposure to water ```

tropics/Hawaii/surfers/occupation | weil disease aka icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis

``` broad based ataxia positive rhomberg charcot joint stroke without hypertension constriction with accommodation but not reactivit to light pupils ```

tertiary syphillis

what can give false positive VDRLs

virus - mumps and hepatitis drugs rheumatic fever leprosy and lupus

epithelial cells undermicroscope that look stifled | vaginal fluid

bv | garnderella vaginalis

outdoor exposure north Carolina, south Carolina, tenessee rash that started on trunk not on palms and soles

Typhus epidemic R prowaekki from louse endemic R typhi from flea

monocytes with morulae - berry like inclusions - in cytoplasm

erlichiosis | tick

granulocytes with morulae - berry like inclusions - in cytoplasm

anaplasmosis | ixodes tick

cattle and sheep amniotic fluid pneumonia endocarditis

Q fever | coxiella burnetti