KEY STUDIES ON THE SPEC

Question 1

Studies for SOCIAL INFLUENCE

Answer 1

Asch

Milgram

Zimbardo

Question 2

Studies for ATTACHMENT

Answer 2

Schaffer

Lorenz

Harlow

Ainsworth

Van Ijzendoorn

Question 3

ATTACHMENT - what was Schaffers study for

Answer 3

Stages of attachment

Question 4

ATTACHMENT - what were Lorenz’s and Harlow’s studies for

Answer 4

Animal studies - imprinting

Question 5

ATTACHMENT - what was Ainsworth’s study for?

Answer 5

Strange Situation

Question 6

ATTACHMENT - what was Van Ijzendoorn’s study for

Answer 6

Cultural variations

Question 7

Asch’s study

Answer 7

123 participants - MALE
Laboratory
Only 1 real participant (out of groups of 6-8)

FINDINGS:

Avg conformity - 36.8%
75% conformed AT LEAST ONCE
25% DID NOT AT ALL

Question 8

FACTORS AFFECTING CONFORMITY - ASCH

Answer 8

GROUP SIZE

UNANIMITY

TASK DIFFICULTY

Question 9

WHO CAME UP WITH NSI & ISI

Answer 9

DEUTSCH & GERARD

Question 11

WHO PROVIDED SUPPORT FOR ISI?

Answer 11

JENNES - BEAN STUDY

AMBIGUOUS = MORE CONFORMITY

Question 12

ZIMBARDO

Answer 12

MOCK PRISON - STANFORD UNIVERSITY BASEMENT

VOLUNTEER SAMPLE - 24 PPTS

RANDOMLY ALLOCATED A ROLE

PRISONERS: ARRESTED, BLINDFOLDED, STRIP SEARCHED, GIVEN UNIFORMS & NUMBERS

GUARDS: SUNGLASSES, UNIFORM, COMPLETE CONTROL OVER PRISONERS, WORKED SHIFTS.

Question 13

How were SOCIAL ROLES divided in ZIMBARDO’S study

Answer 13

PRISONERS - 16 RULES

3 GUARDS ON SHIFT AT A TIME

PRISONERS CALLED BY THEIR NUMBERS

Question 14

MILGRAM

Answer 14

40 AMERICAN MALE VOLUNTEERS

PPT ALWAYS THE TEACHER

TEACHER READS OUT WORD PAIRS THE LEARNER MUST REPEAT CORRECTLY - IF NOT, THEY HAD TO GIVE A SHOCK

VERBAL PRODS WERE GIVEN TO THE TEACHER - “THE EXPERIMENT REQUIRES THAT YOU CONTINUE”

Question 15

FINDINGS OF ZIMBARDOS STUDY

Answer 15

STOPPED AFTER 6 DAYS

WITHIN 2 DAYS PRISONERS REBELLED

1 PRISONER RELEASED ON DAY 1
2 MORE ON DAY 4

GUARDS BECAME MORE AGGRESSIVE & IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR ROLE MORE - DEINDIVIDUATION - LOSE YOUR SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY DUE TO BEING SO IMMERSED.

Question 15

MILGRAM FINDINGS

Answer 15

100% OBEYED UP TO 300V

65% OBEYED UP TO 450V

CONCLUDED GERMANS ARE NOT DIFFERENT AND WERE ALL CAPABLE OF BLIND OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY

Question 16

RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR MILGRAM

Answer 16

HOFLING’S NURSE STUDY - 21/22 NURSES GAVE THE WRONG DOSE TO A PATIENT DUE TO AN AUTHORITY FIGURE OVER THE PHONE TELLING THEM TO.

LE JUE DE LA MORT - FRENCH GAME SHOW PAID TO GIVE SHOCKS - 80% GAVE MAX 460V SHOCKS.

Question 17

SCHAFFER & EMERSON

Answer 17

60 BABIES FOR FIRST 18 MTHS

VISITED MONTHLY - INTERACTIONS WITH CARERS OBSERVED & CARERS INTERVIEWED.

MOTHER KEPT A DIARY.

3 MEASURES:

STRANGER ANXIETY
SEPARATION ANXIETY
SECURE BASE (SOCIAL REFERENCING)

Question 18

LORENZ

Answer 18

IMPRINTING
SPLIT 12 EGGS INTO CONTROL (HATCHED NATURALLY) & EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (HATCHED IN INCUBATOR

MARKED THE GOSLINGS SO HE COULD TELL WHERE THEY’D HATCHED FROM.

PUT THEM UNDER AN UPTURNED BOX AND REMOVED AND THE FOLLOWING BEHAVIOUR CONTINUED.

Question 19

LORENZ FINDINGS

Answer 19

INCUBATOR GROUP - NO BOND WITH NATURAL MOTHER

^BONDS WERE IRREVERSIBLE

CONCLUSIONS:

• IMPRINTING COULD ONLY OCCUR IN THE CRITICAL PERIOD - 4-25 HOURS

Question 20

HARLOW

Answer 20

HARSH WIRE MOTHER

SOFT TOWELLING MOTHER.

16 BABY MONKEYS

4 CONDITIONS

1. WIRE MOTHER & MILK
2. TOWELLING MOTHER & MILK
3. WIRE MOTHER & MILK - TOWELLING MOTHER & NO MILK
4. TOWELLING MOTHER & MILK - WIRE MOTHER & NO MILK

Question 21

FINDINGS - HARLOW

Answer 21

BABY MONKEYS PREFERRED TO CUDDLE CLOTH MOTHER

^SOUGHT COMFORT FROM IT WHEN SCARED REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THERE WAS MILK

CONCLUSION:

THE MONKEYS HAD AN INNATE NEED FOR CONTACT COMFORT - PRIORITISED COMFORT OVER FOOD.