Key terminology

Question 1

Assimilation

Answer 1

The eventual adoption of cultural traits owned by a majority community by a minority, usually at the expense of its own distinctiveness.

Question 2

Asylum seeker

Answer 2

A person who flees a country and asks for the right of international protection.

Question 3

Backwash (Migration)

Answer 3

The flow of resources, people, and investment from periphery to core regions. This means the polarisation of the core and periphery regions prosperity within the same country.

Question 4

Bretton Woods institutions

Answer 4

Large IGO’s such as the IMF and World Bank were formed in the US at the end of WW11 to aid in the rebuilding of a flourishing international economy.

Question 5

core-periphery systems

Answer 5

The uneven distribution of population between regions, which leads to the increasing flows of migrants, investment, and resources.

Question 6

corporate migration

Answer 6

When a TNC changes its corporate identity, moving it’s HQ from one country to another.

Question 7

cultural cohesion

Answer 7

The capacity of different ethnic groups to make mutual strides to live together as a flourishing community of the same state.

Question 8

cultural heterogeneity

Answer 8

A society where there is a large number of different cultural groups resulting in a multi-lingual, and multi-faith community.

Question 9

cultural landscape

Answer 9

the distinctive character of a geographical place or region that has been shaped over time by a combination of human and physical processes.

Question 10

culture

Answer 10

the ideas, behaviours, customs, and beliefs of a social group or society.

Question 11

diaspora

Answer 11

a group of people which have a shared cultural background which have spread from their homeland.

Question 12

economy of scale (Migration)

Answer 12

The process of an increased production of commodities causing a fall in price, due to the fixed prices of production. E.g., lighting a factory staying the same even on a larger scale.

Question 13

ethnic cleansing

Answer 13

the deliberate removal of one ethnic group by another through killing or forced removal.

Question 14

ethnic segregation

Answer 14

the voluntary or involuntary separation of groups of different cultures or ethnic backgrounds.

Question 15

ethnicity

Answer 15

the common identity of a group based on their cultural heritage or their customs of clothing, religion, diet, or language.

Question 16

ethnoscape

Answer 16

a cultural landscape crafted by a minority ethnic group, such as a minority migrant group. Their culture is clearly demonstrated through the way they have shaped the place they live.

Question 17

Expatriate

Answer 17

A migrant who has moved to another country but still remains a citizen of the country they has previously lived.

Question 18

Failed state

Answer 18

A government which has lost political control and is unable to carry out basic functions for its society such as resourcing. This leads to adverse conditions on some or all of its population.

Question 19

global citizenship

Answer 19

A person who associated with more global issues, values, and culture rather than or addition to narrower place-based identity.

Question 20

global commons

Answer 20

global resources so large they fall out of the area of governance for just one space. There are 4 regions, these are:
- Outer space
- Antarctica
- The atmosphere
- The oceans.

Question 20

global governance

Answer 20

the norms, rules, and steers used to regulate human activity on an international scale.

Question 21

hegemonic power

Answer 21

The ability of a powerful state to exert influence without the need for ‘hard power’ tactics.

Question 22

HIPC policies

Answer 22

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative was launched in 1996 by the IMF and World Bank and aimed to aid countries in rebuilding their economies. This meant strong restrictions and regulations used.

Question 23

homogenous culture

Answer 23

A culture where there is very little cultural diversity ,and people share a lot of the same cultural traits.

Question 24

Media plurality

Answer 24

The ownership of several different media outlets by one company.

Question 25

MINT

Answer 25

4 Fast-growing economies:
- Mexico
- Indonesia
- Nigeria
- Turkey

Question 26

Nation

Answer 26

A territorial group of people who may lack sovereignty.

Question 27

national identity

Answer 27

a sense of a nation as a distinctive whole through its shown characteristics.

Question 28

Nationalism

Answer 28

The view that cultural identity and sovereignty is paramount, and we should abandon policies which may pose a threat to national identity

Question 29

Nationalist

Answer 29

The belief that their own interests are more important than those belonging to other nations

Question 30

Negative externalities

Answer 30

Impacts suffered by third party members because of changing economic activity. This may be unintended socioeconomic impacts such as unemployment or environmental impacts such as climate change.

Question 31

Neo-colonialism

Answer 31

The activities performed by previously colonial countries which inadvertently regain partial influence over another nation.

Question 32

Neo-liberalism

Answer 32

The belief in the freer movement of people. Open borders, and deregulation of financial markets.

Question 33

Parent company

Answer 33

A company which a TNC had developed around, and who’s head is responsible for major decision making in these companies as a whole.

Question 34

Post-colonial migrants

Answer 34

People who moved to the UK from the former colonies in the 1950’s - 70’s.

Question 35

Refugee

Answer 35

A person who has to flee their home because of persecution, whether as an individual or as a mass exodus.

Question 36

Schengen Agreement

Answer 36

An international agreement among the EU which aims to make travel easier for people within the EU. Therefore, passports do not need to be shown at the border of 26 different countries.

Question 37

Secession

Answer 37

The act of separation of part of a state to create a new fully-formed country.

Question 38

Sovereign Wealth Fund

Answer 38

An international union of countries which aims to give loans and banks to nations. This is associated with countries such as China and Qatar, which have large revenue from inputs such as oil.

Question 39

sovereignty

Answer 39

the ability of a group of people to self-govern without the fear of outside influence.

Question 40

State

Answer 40

No other country or sovereignty holds power over it.

Question 41

SAP’s

Answer 41

Structural adjustment plans are put in place by the IMF in order to readjust LIC’s failed states. This comes with heavy conditions attached.

Question 42

tax haven

Answer 42

a country or terrirory with nil or low corporation tax, such as Bermuda.

Question 43

transboundary water

Answer 43

a reservoir of water which is contained in a place which runs over boundaries.

Question 44

transfer pricing

Answer 44

One branch of a TNC in one country charges another branch of the same company for services or goods. This leads to less taxation price.

Question 45

trickle-down

Answer 45

The benefits given to a periphery region if the core region is thriving. Such as regional aid and investment, or technology and infrastructure.

Question 46

unilateral intervention

Answer 46

a military undertaking by a state which is outside of the UN.

Question 47

voluntary economic migrant

Answer 47

a migrant whose primary goal is to seek employment. migrants already with jobs may need to search for better pay.

Question 48

war on terror

Answer 48

the US scheme to campaign against international terrorism.

Question 49

westernisation

Answer 49

the promotion through soft power of European and North American culture and values.