Key Terms

Question 1

what is the function of actin?

Answer 1

forms microfilaments

Question 2

what is the structure of actin?

Answer 2

globular G-protein

Question 3

what is the mitochondrial cristae?

Answer 3

folded inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 4

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 4

supports cell shape

Question 5

what is cytosol?

Answer 5

fluid matrix of the cell

Question 6

what is the structure and function of euchromatin?

Answer 6

• light and unwound chromatin

- transcriptionally active

Question 7

what is the structure and function of golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

• parallel stacks of membrane

- processes and stores macromolecules synthesised in ER

Question 8

what is the structure and function of heterochromatin?

Answer 8

• dark and condensed chromatin

- transcriptionally inactive

Question 9

what is the function of medial golgi?

Answer 9

forms oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides

Question 10

what is the structure and function of microfilaments?

Answer 10

• made of actin

- helps cell membrane to maintain its shape

Question 11

what is the structure and function of microtubules?

Answer 11

• made of tubulin

- scaffold for chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Question 12

what is the structure and function of mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 12

• space between cristae

- Krebs’ cycle

Question 13

what is the structure and function of nuclear lamina?

Answer 13

• filamentous proteins

- scaffold to maintain inner nuclear membrane’s spherical shape

Question 14

what is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 14

site of ribosomal RNA formation

Question 15

what is the structure of nucleosome?

Answer 15

regular repeating globular structures comprised of DNA and histones

Question 16

what happens in the outer mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 16

• lipid synthesis

- fatty acid metabolism

Question 17

what is the structure and function of peroxisome?

Answer 17

• vesicle

- contains enzymes that oxidise long-chain fatty acids

Question 18

what is the structure and function of RER?

Answer 18

• highly folded flattened membrane sheets studded with ribosomes
• protein synthesis

Question 19

what is the structure and function of SER?

Answer 19

• highly folded flattened membrane sheets

- lipid synthesis

Question 20

what is the structure and function of trans golgi network?

Answer 20

• outer part of golgi
• proteolysis
• sorts macromolecules into vesicles that bud from surface

Question 21

what is lipofuscin?

Answer 21

membrane bound orange-brown pigment

- forms as a result of peroxidation of lipids in older cells

Question 22

how long do cells in the lining of the gut last?

Answer 22

days

Question 23

what shape are fusiform cells?

Answer 23

spindle-shaped / elliptical

Question 24

what shape are polygonal cells?

Answer 24

irregular

Question 25

what is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 25

- protection - absorption - secretion

Question 26

what is blood serum?

Answer 26

plasma minus the clotting factors

Question 27

what do all blood cells derive from?

Answer 27

haemocytoblast (haematopoetic stem cell)

Question 28

what component does eosin stain and what colour?

Answer 28

- cytoplasm, extracellular fibres | - pink

Question 29

what component does haemotoxylin stain and what colour?

Answer 29

- nuclei - acidic substances within cells (e.g. RNA) - blue

Question 30

what component does period acid schiff stain and what colour?

Answer 30

- sugars - basement membranes - magenta

Question 31

what component does silver stain and what colour?

Answer 31

- reticulin | - silver

Question 32

what type of cell has a reniform nucleus?

Answer 32

monocyte

Question 33

what is the shape of a monocytic nucleus?

Answer 33

reniform

Question 34

what is the shape of a neutrophilic nucleus?

Answer 34

multi-lobed

Question 35

what is the shape of an eosinophilic nucleus?

Answer 35

bi-lobular | lozenge-shaped

Question 36

what is the shape of a basophilic nucleus?

Answer 36

bi-lobed

Question 37

what is peritoneum?

Answer 37

simple squamous mesothelial cells

Question 38

what is the difference between epithelium and mesothelium?

Answer 38

- epithelium lines body surfaces & the insides of body cavities - mesothelium covers the outside of organs

Question 39

what does the pleura cover?

Answer 39

external surface of lungs

Question 40

what does pericardium cover?

Answer 40

external surface of heart

Question 41

what are 3 types of mesothelium?

Answer 41

- pleura - peritoneum - pericardium

Question 42

what does visceral peritoneum cover?

Answer 42

external surface of organs of the gut

Question 43

what does parietal peritoneum line?

Answer 43

front of the abdominal cavity

Question 44

what stains goblet cells blue?

Answer 44

perl's prussian blue

Question 45

what does nebulin bind to?

Answer 45

actin

Question 46

what does titin bind to?

Answer 46

myosin