Key Terms

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

Complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merelt the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

the ability to meet the demands of the enviroment

Question 3

stroke volume

Answer 3

the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricals during each contraction Cardiac

Question 4

output

Answer 4

the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles per minute (HR x Stroke volume)

Question 5

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

part of the ANS and can activate an increase in HR

Question 6

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

part of the ANS and can activate a decrease in HR

Question 7

Vascular Shunting

Answer 7

The redistribution of blood flow around the body

Question 8

Myogenic

Answer 8

the hearts ability to create its own contraction

Question 9

Chemoreceptors

Answer 9

responsible for detecting a change in CO2/Lactic acid/Blood acidity

Question 10

Barorceptors

Answer 10

responsible for detecting a change in blood pressure

Question 11

Proprioceptors

Answer 11

responsible for detecting a change in muscle movement

Question 12

plasma

Answer 12

the liquid part of blood

Question 13

myoglobin

Answer 13

an oxygen bindiing protein found in muscle tissue

Question 14

haemoglobin

Answer 14

an oxygen binding protein found in red blood cells

Question 15

oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 15

found when oxygen combines with haemoglobin

Question 16

mitochondria

Answer 16

the part of the cell where respiration and energy production occur

Question 17

disassociation curve

Answer 17

a graphical representation of the rate at which oxygen separates from haemoglobin and difusses into the muscle cells

Question 18

bohr shift

Answer 18

the shift to the right that the disassociation curve makes during excercise

Question 19

venous return

Answer 19

the flow of the blood back to the heart via the veins and spersifically the vena cava

Question 20

starlings law

Answer 20

stroke volume increases due to an increase in venous return

Question 21

cardiovascular drift

Answer 21

the increase of HR during when taking part in steady state excercise in a warm enviroment

Question 22

Arterio-venous oxygen difference

Answer 22

the difference between the pressure of the oxygen in the arteries and veins

Question 23

what are 3 sports wich require good cadiovascular fitness

Answer 23

• cycling
• long distance running
• rowing

Question 24

what is maximal intensity

Answer 24

when excersing at maximal levels, things start to change for stroke volume, a performers volume will only continue to ruse up to 60% of maximal effort- plateau in stroke volume

Question 25

what is the equation for cardiac output

Answer 25

CO= HR x SV

Question 26

what is hormonal

Answer 26

relating to contaning hormones

Question 27

what is neural

Answer 27

relating to nervous system

Question 28

what is chemical

Answer 28

relating to repsonses where chemicals are released in the body

Question 29

what is the anticipatory rise

Answer 29

the increase in heart rate that occurs just before taking part in exercise, caused by an increase in activity from the sympathetic nervous system

Question 30

what is adrenaline

Answer 30

a hormone which leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and awarness

Question 31

what is vasodilation

Answer 31

blood vessles dilate (get bigger) which allows more blood for the active muscles

Question 32

what is vasoconstriction

Answer 32

blood vessels constrict (get smaller) takes blood away from inactive areas and the organs

Question 33

how is vasodilation used by the body during exercise

Answer 33

- occurs in artieries delivering oxygenated blood to preformers leg - allows more oxygen to be delivered to active muscles allowing more aeoribic respiration to take place to produce more energy

Question 34

how is vasocontrictoon used by the body during exericse

Answer 34

- arteries deliver blood to areas such as digestive system and liver are consitricted - this delivers a larger preportion of the performers blood supply to muscles

Question 35

what is the process of vascular shunting

Answer 35

1. increase in Co2 and lactic acid detected by the chemorecpetors 2. the chemorecpetors stimulate the vasomotor 3. the vasomotor signals for a redistribution of blood flow 4. vasodilation and vasocontriction occur and the pre-capillary sphincters adjust blood flow into the capillaries