key terms and concepts of plant development

Question 1

what is the aleurone layer

Answer 1

it is the layer that only goes around the endosperm

Question 2

what is bran

Answer 2

bran consists of the seed coat, pericarp, and aleurone layer

Question 3

what is caryopsis

Answer 3

a dry one-seeded fruit in which the ovary wall is united with the seed coat, typical of grasses and cereals

Question 4

what is a cereal grain

Answer 4

A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain, composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran.

Question 5

what is a coleoptile

Answer 5

a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in a grass or cereal

Question 6

what is the coleorhiza

Answer 6

a sheath protecting the root of a germinating grass or cereal grain

Question 7

what is a cotyledon

Answer 7

the embryo of the seed

Question 8

what is a dicotyledon

Answer 8

it is the embryo of the seed but there is two of them

Question 9

what is an embryo

Answer 9

An embryo is the early stage of development of a multicellular organism

Question 10

what is an embryonic axis

Answer 10

The embryonic axis comprises everything between the plumule and the radicle, not including the cotyledon(s). In endospermic dicots, the food reserves are stored in the endosperm

Question 11

what is an endosperm

Answer 11

acts as food storage for developing plant embryo usually contains starch, protein and other nutrients

Question 12

what is an epicotyl

Answer 12

the region of an embryo or seedling stem above the cotyledon.

Question 13

what is epigeal germination

Answer 13

germination that takes place above ground

Question 14

what is a fruit

Answer 14

a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering

Question 15

what is a germ

Answer 15

The germ is the embryo that has the potential to sprout into a new plant

Question 16

what is a grain

Answer 16

A grain is a small, hard, dry seed - with or without an attached hull or fruit layer

Question 17

what is hilum

Answer 17

a scar from where the seed was attached to the wall. equal to a umbilical cord to the placenta

Question 18

what is a hull

Answer 18

the outermost layer ex part you spit on a sunflower seed

Question 19

what is a hypocotyl

Answer 19

the part of the stem of an embryo plant beneath the stalks of the seed leaves or cotyledons and directly above the root

Question 20

what is hypogeal germination

Answer 20

germination that happens under the ground

Question 21

what is mesocotyl

Answer 21

The mesocotyl is the tubular, white, stemlike tissue connecting the seed and the base of the coleoptile

Question 22

what is the micropyle

Answer 22

small pore beside the hilum

Question 23

what is a monocotyledon

Answer 23

a seed made out of one cotyledon

Question 24

what is a pericarp

Answer 24

the outer layer of the seed

Question 25

what is the plumule

Answer 25

the shoot or stem of an embryo plant

Question 26

what is the Poaceae family

Answer 26

the grass family

Question 27

what is quiescence

Answer 27

Quiescence is a state of suspended growth of the embryo or a resting condition of the seed.

Question 28

what is the radicle

Answer 28

the part in the embryo that grows down and turns into the root is the first organ to appear

Question 29

what is the scutellum

Answer 29

it absorbs nutrients from the endosperm during germination and surrounds the embryo

Question 30

what is secondary adventitious root systems

Answer 30

Adventitious roots arise after injury to roots or from the main stem, branch, or other tissues. For example, Ficus produces free-hanging aerial roots that originate in the branches and undergo secondary thickening before they reach the soil

Question 31

what is shoot apical meristem (SAM)

Answer 31

The shoot apical meristem is the region in the growing shoot containing meristematic cells. The shoot apical meristem contains multipotent stem cells and produces primordia that develop into all the above-ground organs of a plant.

Question 32

what is the seminal root system

Answer 32

The seminal root system consists of the adventitious lateral roots which are present in the ungerminated caryopsis

Question 33

what is the sub crown internode

Answer 33

the narrow portion of the stem that links the old seed and primary root system to the crown and secondary root system just below the soil surface

Question 34

what is the testa

Answer 34

the second outer protective layer of the seed