weed and pest management Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is integrated pest management (IPM)
the process used to solve pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment. it focuses on the long-term prevention of pests or their damage, by managing the ecosystem
where can IPM be used
it can be used to manage all kinds of pests anywhere–in urban, agriculture, and wildland, or natural areas
what are the five major components that are common to all IPM programs
1) preventing pest problems
2) pest identification
3) monitoring and assessing pest numbers and damage
4) guidelines for when management action is needed
5) using a combination of biological, cultural, physical, mechanical, and chemical management tools
how can weeds be managed
- physical damage
- plant competition
- pesticides
- rotation
- insects
how are weeds prevented through physical damage
tillage is used as a mechanical cultivation practice for weed control.
through digging, stirring, and overturning
what are some examples of ways tillage is done
digging, stirring, and overturning. through hoeing, raking, plowing, rototilling, harrowing, cultivation, etc
how does plant competition reduce weeds
good plant establishment will limit the weeds ability to compete especially if the crop has been established ahead of the weeds
what are the conditions you will need to successfully reduce weeds through plant competition
- proper fertility
- adequate seedbed
- proper seeding depth and rate
- disease-free seed
a healthy crop will compete better with weeds
what are herbicides
a type of pesticide used to control weeds.
how do herbicides kill weeds
different families kill weeds in different ways.
what are herbicides made of
they are chemical with a complex structure
each chemical has unique properties but a family of herbicides has a similar chemical structure with many similar characteristics
how do you know how to use herbicides
herbicides list what weeds they will control in what crop and how they should be properly used
what is the way herbicides are applied in large scale farms
sprayers will spray herbicides to kill weeds that are growing prior to seeding the crop
what is herbicide resistance in crops
crops can withstand herbicides but the weeds are killed
how is herbicide resistance in crops achieved
through new gene introduction or non-GMO methods
what is a benefit to herbicide-resistant crops
allows broad-spectrum herbicides to be used to kill weeds without killing the crop
why rotate crops to prevent weeds
because some crops compete with weeds better
a range of herbicides doesn’t put selection pressure on weeds to become resistant to herbicides
weed control may not be available for some crops so it can help limit weeds in the previous years
what can you do in the winter/fall to lower weed populations
inclusion of fall-seeded crops or perennial species can lower weed populations for future annual cropping
what are biological controls
they take advantage of natural predators of the weeds
what are the things used for biological weed control
insects or disease and used
what are the advantages of biological control
- selectivity
- effect in inaccessible areas
- can have low environmental impacts
- can be less expensive(one release)
what are some disadvantages to biological control
- lack of immediacy (it takes time to control)
- it’s difficult to find control agents for all weeds
what are some other ways (hacks) to control weeds
the management of irrigation and fertilizers to ensure they are being used by the crop and not (as much) by the weeds
the alteration of seeding dates to increase crop competition with the weeds
the use of mulch or landscape fabric to suppress weeds in between rows, particularly in horticulture crops or urban areas
the use of animals to control a specific weed problem
what is the best strategy for weed control
weed control strategy should include many methods to gain control.
