Key Terms and Definitions

Question 1

What is a line scale?

Answer 1

The scale is shown as a line divided in various ways (if map reduced/enlarged, scale remains accurate).

Question 2

What is a representative fraction scale?

Answer 2

A scale written in ratio form (ex. 1:100 000 means 1 cm = 1 km). Both numbers must be of the same unit.

If map enlarged/reduced, scale becomes inaccurate.

Question 3

What is climate change?

Answer 3

It is a long-term shift in global/regional climate patterns. Also refers to the rise in global temperatures from mid 1900s to present.

Question 4

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 4

A society encouraging and being made up of many different cultures.

Question 5

Non-renewable resource

Answer 5

A natural resource that cannot be remade at a scale comparable to its consumption.

Question 6

Renewable resource

Answer 6

A natural resource that can be replenished in a short time repeatedly.

Question 7

What is rural-urban fringe?

Answer 7

It is an area beside an urban area where there is a mixture of urban and rural land uses.

Question 8

What is land use?

Answer 8

How urban, suburban, or rural land is and can be used.
For example, use land for parks, housing, industries, commerce, etc.

Question 9

What is the Prime Meridian?

Answer 9

A vertical line that extends from one pole to the other. It signifies 0 degrees of longitude.

(Passes through the Royal Observatory of England).

Question 10

What is the tectonic theory?

Answer 10

J. Tuzo Wilson said that the Earth’s crust is made up of lithospheric (tectonic) plates that move on top of the mantle. This causes changes to the Earth’s surface.

Question 11

Do you know the Cardinal Points?

Answer 11

They are the directions North, East, South, and West.
Remember it as “Never Eat Shredded Wheat.”

Question 12

What is an ecozone and give an example?

Answer 12

It is a distinct ecological region characterized by natural and human factors (e.g., the Taiga Cordillera)

Question 13

What is a continental climate?

Answer 13

Places located away from large bodies of water (in the centre of continents) have a continental climate. The temperature range is more extreme and the climate is drier.

Question 14

What is a landform region?

Answer 14

It is a particular area that consists of the same major landforms (natural features) such as mountains and plateaus.

Question 15

What are some important things to remember about the Canadian Shield?

Answer 15

It is the largest landforms region formed with Precambrian rock, making up the core of Canada. It contains all of Labrador, much of Nunavut, Quebec, and Ontario, and some of NWT, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

Question 16

What is global warming?

Answer 16

It is the rise in the world’s temperatures due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Question 17

What is magma?

Answer 17

It is molten rock (a hot fluid/semi-fluid mixture of rock) below the Earth’s crust.

Question 18

What is geotourism?

Answer 18

It is tourism that sustains or enhances the geographical character of the place visited.
This is through preserving the heritage, culture, environment, and well-being of residents.

Question 19

What are basic industries?

Answer 19

They are industries that sell their products outside of the community.
This brings in “new” money for the community’s economy.

Question 20

What are non-basic industries?

Answer 20

Industries that only sell products within the community.
This does not bring in new money for the community.

Question 21

What are primary industries?

Answer 21

Industries that harvest natural resources (such as air, water, soil, minerals, oil, etc.).
Examples include mining, fishing, forestry, and oil and gas.

Question 22

What are secondary industries?

Answer 22

They are industries that process raw materials into industrial products.
For example, steel, flour and paper mills and plastic manufacturers.

Question 23

What are tertiary industries?

Answer 23

These are industries that provide services and distribution of final products to the market.
For example, retail, health-care, restaurants, and utilities.

Question 24

What are quaternary industries?

Answer 24

These are industries that provide intellectual services.
For example, consultants, scientific research, education, and IT.

Question 25

What is climate?

Answer 25

It is the pattern of weather that has occurred over a long period of time.

Question 26

What is weather?

Answer 26

It is a combination of many atmospheric conditions (such as temperature and precipation) occurring within a short time within a small area.

Question 27

What is a direct statement scale?

Answer 27

The scale is written in words.

Ex. 1 cm = 1 km or “one centimeter represents ten kilometers.”

Question 28

What is a business immigrant?

Answer 28

An independent immigrant (probably a successful businessperson) seeking to start a business in Canada. They need a minimum of 20 points and the finances for the business.

Question 29

What is urban sprawl?

Answer 29

It is the increased, outward urban growth towards the perimeter of the city’s limits, where there had previously been no development.

Question 30

What is the Canadian Shield good for (economically)?

Answer 30

It is good for tourism and forestry (many lakes, waterfalls, and forests). It is also good for mining, as there are many mineral deposits, and hydroelectricity (due to the many lakes and rivers).