Key Terms And Priciples Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is an RTE?
Resistance training exercise.
What are the principles for creating a RTE from a biomechanical perspective?
- The direction of resistance should be in the same plane or path as the joint motion is occurring.
- The resistance should be in opposition to the joint motion.
- The resistance should be in opposition to the muscles contraction action at the joint.
What is force.?
Force is the agent of change associated with exercise. Force is a push or pull.
What are the three components of an RTE.?
- Force: a potential agent of change.
- Effort: controlled by the central nervous system which is responsible for orchestrating and directing muscle movements.
- Time: influences the physiology responses associated with aerobic/anaerobic energy systems
What are the three foundations of RTE biomechanics?
- The structural design of the human body suggests its intended function.
- Function and ability of the human body are dependent upon its age and condition.
- The further we move away from using the human body based upon its design and intended purpose, the greater the risk for structural compromise and failure.
What is a motor skill?
An intentional movement involving neuromuscular components.
What are the three phases of learning when acquiring a new motor skill?
- The cognitive stage: when movements need to be controlled in a relatively conscious manner.
- The associative phase: The movement pattern becomes more consistent from trial to trial due to neuromuscular adaptations the movement becomes more economical.
- The autonomous phase: characterized by smooth synchronized and seemingly effortless motions with few variances or errors.
How many skeletal muscles are in the human body?
Approximately 640.
Skeletal muscles are arranged in opposing pairs what are the two terms used?
Agonists (prime movers) and Antagonists.
Agonists are muscles that are actively shortening, encouraging joint motion.
Antagonists are muscles that oppose the shortening action of the agonists.
What determines how force affects the human body?
- The amount of force applied.
- The direction in which the force is applied to the body.
- The point at which the force is applied to the body relative to its distance from the axis.
- The frequency and duration the force is applied to the body.
- The relative joint position as it relates to range of motion and design of the joints contact surface.
- The muscles mechanical ability relative to its length and ability to generate tension.
- The number of joints participating during exercise: single joint (isolation) or a multiple joint (compound) motion.
- The management of the force.
What are the considerations for determining the risk of an exercise?
- How tolerant the musculoskeletal system is to the position in relation to range of motion and amount of force that is challenged with.
- How the exercise meets the clients current physiological ability, needs, and goals.
- How much time, effort, force and rehearsal of the exercises been accumulated relative to teaching the skill and then progressing it.
- The joints, ranges of motion and it’s effect on the muscles ability to generate force.
What are the three cardinal planes of motion?
- Sagittal plane : splits the body into right and left sections. Flexion and Extension are performed in this plane.
- Frontal plane.: Splits the body into front and back sections anterior to posterior. Abduction and Adduction as well as lateral flexion of the spine occur.
- Transverse/horizontal plane: splits the body into top and bottom parts.
- Oblique / diagonal plane. This term is used when referencing any movement that is not purely sagittal, frontal or transverse.
Describe the position of anatomical neutral.
The position anatomical neutral is one in which a person is standing upright, facing forward arms at their side, with their joints in neutral, and palms facing forward.
RTE is an Amalgamative of science that integrates what five principal sciences?
- Anatomy: the study of structures of the human body.
- Physiology: the study of all physiological processes of the human body.
- Physics: the study of motion and forces.
- Mechanics: a division of physics concerned with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces and their affect on structure.
- Kinesiology: the study of muscles and their actions upon the skeletal system.
