Key terms for gender (Paper 4)

Question 1

Code switching

Answer 1

Adapting lang to audience and purpose

Question 2

Repertoire

Answer 2

The vocab we use due to life experiences

Question 3

Accent levelling

Answer 3

Neutralise accent + dialect

Question 4

Communicative Competency

Answer 4

To know and follow the rules of conversation

Question 5

Semantic-non equivalents

Answer 5

Implies gap between men and women

Question 6

Marked form

Answer 6

Denotes gender terms ie policeman

Question 7

Unmarked form

Answer 7

Gender neutral term

Question 8

Context of production and reception

Answer 8

When it’s made vs when it’s received

Question 9

Solidarity

Answer 9

Mutual support within a group

Question 10

Covert prestige

Answer 10

We use and sustain language in a smaller group to maintain rapport between

Question 11

Overt prestige

Answer 11

We use and adapt language to a larger group to sustain positive face
Accent level more

Question 12

Autonomy

Answer 12

Power/equality

Question 13

Declarative talk

Answer 13

Sentences used to convey info or statements

Question 14

Referential talk

Answer 14

Gets answers
References people, place for answers
Ed “Where’s the post office?”

Question 15

Blending

Answer 15

Mixing words to form new ones eg mansplane

Question 16

Synthetic personalisation

Answer 16

Company’s/ brands/ people make you believe you have a rapport

Question 17

Phallocentric

Answer 17

Language that is seen to privilege men

Question 18

Back channelling

Answer 18

Supportive noises eg hmm

Question 19

Fillers

Answer 19

Thinking time. Helps us feel valued eg um er

Question 20

Hedges

Answer 20

Suggests element of hesitancy eg “do you think?”

Question 21

Adjacency pairs

Answer 21

Question and response

Question 22

Overlaps

Answer 22

Talking over someone. Breaks politeness rule

Question 23

Jargon

Answer 23

Complex lang relating to a specific field. Difficult words. Used amongst institutions for broviy

Question 24

Brovity

Answer 24

Short, concise, straight to point to

Question 25

Tag question

Answer 25

Attaching a question to a statement to maintain conversation and politeness rule

Question 26

Closed language

Answer 26

Idea of shared language and knowledge within a smaller group

Question 27

Sociolect

Answer 27

A shared group language of a particular social class

Question 28

Idiolect

Answer 28

System of belief

Question 29

Topic shift, markers and loops

Answer 29

Change topic marker Topic is set by speaker Go back to marker- original conversation

Question 30

Synthetic sisterhood

Answer 30

Girls are believed into “we are all in this together”

Question 31

Intertextual reference

Answer 31

References to wider things are made

Question 32

Mitigated imperatives

Answer 32

A negative face threatening act

Question 33

Discourse community

Answer 33

A group of people working together with a goal

Question 34

Deixis

Answer 34

Language not understood without context

Question 35

Deletion

Answer 35

Removal of letters and intentionally misspelling them eg u, k

Question 36

Blending

Answer 36

Mixture of words

Question 37

Idioms

Answer 37

Phrases within sociolect we understand eg “over the moon”

Question 38

Repetition of letters

Answer 38

eg ooooo or ahhhh

Question 39

Speech communities

Answer 39

A group of people who use the same variety of language and who share specific rules for speaking and interpretating speech

Question 40

Power asymmetry

Answer 40

Language is used to assert and respect power in that workplace

Question 41

Positive face threatening acts

Answer 41

Any act that may make the receiver not feel valued/ a valued contributor to discussion eg “that’s a rubbish idea”

Question 42

Negative face threatening acts

Answer 42

When you are imposed union usually through an imperative | eg “Pass me the file”

Question 43

Subject specific lexis

Answer 43

Topic and context related language specific to a field

Question 44

Descriptive

Answer 44

The way language is used Adaptive Evolution

Question 45

Prescriptive

Answer 45

The way language “should” be used Should be proper english Conservative ie old fashioned

Question 46

Polari

Answer 46

Secret gay language

Question 47

Euphemistic talk

Answer 47

ie polari

Question 48

Unequal encounter

Answer 48

One speaker is seen as a powerful participant and the others are less powerful

Question 49

Deltymes

Answer 49

Communicative competency- you can communicate the rules, you know what to do, make valuable contributions

Question 50

Mitigated Imperatives

Answer 50

A negative face threatening act

Question 51

Social register

Answer 51

Refers to specific lexical and grammatical choices as made by speakers depending on the social situational context like formality level , the participants relation and distance of a conversation and the function of the language in the discourse.

Question 52

High register

Answer 52

more formal, more elaborated language.

Question 53

Low register

Answer 53

someone who did not speak according to the accepted norm

Question 54

Register

Answer 54

refers to the style of the language you use