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Biology > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the eye piece lens?

A

The part of the microscope you look down.

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2
Q

What’s the objective lens ?

A

The part of a microscope that’s closest to the specimen

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3
Q

What’s a stain?

A

A dye used to colour parts of a cell so they’re more visible by microscope

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4
Q

What’s aerobic respiration?

A

A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances, such as glucose.

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5
Q

What’s the cell membrane?

A

Controls what goes in and out of a cell.

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6
Q

What’s the cell sap?

A

Liquid found in the permanent vacuole of a plant cell

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7
Q

What’s the cell wall?

A

Used for protection and support
Made of cellulose in plant cells
Bacteria have a flexible cell wall

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8
Q

What’s chlorophyll?

A

Green substance found in chloroplasts. Traps energy transferred by light

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9
Q

What’s a chloroplast?

A

A green disc containing chlorophyll.
Where the plant makes glucose using photosynthesis

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10
Q

What’s a cytoplasm ?

A

Watery jelly inside a cell where all the cells activities take place

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11
Q

What’s DNA?

A

A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

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12
Q

What’s a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell with a nucleus is eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic.

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13
Q

What’s the field of view ?

A

The circle of light you see looking down a microscope.

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14
Q

What’s mitochondria ?

A

In the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells , where aerobic respiration occurs

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15
Q

What’s the nucleus ?

A

The control centre of a eukaryotic cell

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16
Q

What’s a ribosome?

A

Tiny sub-cellular structure that makes proteins

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17
Q

What’s the scale bar?

A

A line drawn on a magnified image that shows a certain distance at that magnification.

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18
Q

What’s a vacuole?

A

A storage space in cells. Plant cells have a large, permanent vacuole that helps to keep them rigid.

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19
Q

What’s an acrosome?

A

A small vacuole in the tip of the head of a sperm cell, which contains enzymes.

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20
Q

What’s a ciliated epithelial cell?

A

A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on its surface.

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21
Q

What’s cillia?

A

A small hair-like structure on the surface of some cells. Plural is cilia.

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22
Q

What’s a diploid?

A

Describes a cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes

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23
Q

What’s an egg cell?

A

The female gamete ( sex cell)

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24
Q

What’s an embryo?

A

The tiny new life that grows by cell division from a fertilised egg cell (zygote).

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25
Q

What’s an enzyme ?

A

A substance that can speed up some processes in living things (e.g. breaking down molecules).

26
Q

What’s an epithelial cell?

A

A cell found on surfaces of the body

27
Q

What’s fertilisation?

A

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete

28
Q

What’s a gamete?

A

A cell used for sexual reproduction

29
Q

What’s a haploid ?

A

A cell with One set of chromosomes

30
Q

What’s a microvillus?

A

A fold on the surface of a villus cell. These folds increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Plural is microvilli.

31
Q

What’s a sperm cell?

A

The male gamete ( sex cell)

32
Q

What’s chromosomal DNA?

A

DNA found in chromosomes but the term is often used to describe the large loop of DNA found in bacteria.

33
Q

What’s flagellum

A

A tail-like structure that rotates, allowing a unicellular organism to move. Plural is flagella.

34
Q

What’s a plasmid?

A

A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria

35
Q

What’s plasmid dna?

A

DNA found in plasmids

36
Q

What’s a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell with no nucleus is prokaryotic. Organisms such as bacteria, which have cells like this, are also said to be prokaryotic.

37
Q

What’s a catalyst?

A

A substance that speeds up the rate of a reactiom

38
Q

What’s a monomer?

A

A small molecule that can join with other molecules like itself to form a polymer.

39
Q

What’s a polymer?

A

A substance made up of very long molecules containing repeating groups of atoms. (Formed by joining monomer molecules together.)

40
Q

What’s a product ?

A

A substance formed in a reaction

41
Q

What’s a substrate?

A

A substance that’s changed during a reactiom

42
Q

What’s synthesis?

A

To build a large moleculesfrom smaller subunits

43
Q

What’s Benedict’s solution?

A

A bright blue chemical reagent that turns orange or red when warmed with a solution of reducing sugars

44
Q

What’s a biuret test?

A

A test that uses copper sulfate solution and potassium hydroxide solution to test for proteins. The blue of the copper sulfate solution turns purple in the presence of proteins.

45
Q

What a calorimeter?

A

Equipment used to measure the energy released from a substance by burning it.

46
Q

What’s a chemical reagent?

A

A substance or mixture used in chemical analysis or reactions.

47
Q

What’s an iodine solution

A

A yellow - orange solution that turns black - blue when in contact with starch

48
Q

What’s a precipitate ?

A

Insoluble substance formed when two soluble substances react together

49
Q

What’s a reducing sugar ?

A

A simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose, that reacts with (reduces) Benedict’s solution and changes its colour.

50
Q

What’s the active site?

A

The space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme-catalysed reaction.

51
Q

What does it mean if an enzyme becomes denatured ?

A

A denatured enzyme is one where the shape of the active site has changed so much that its substrate no longer fits and the reaction can no longer happen.

52
Q

What active transport ?

A

Movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration

53
Q

What’s osmosis?

A

Movement of solvent molecules in a solution across a partially permeable membrane
Dilute concentration to a more concentrated one

54
Q

What’s a passive process!

A

Doesn’t require energy

55
Q

What’s a solute?

A

A solid that’s dissolved into a liquid to make a solution

56
Q

What’s a Solvent

A

The liquid in which a substance dissolves to make a solution

57
Q

How do we test for lipids?

A

Do the emulsion test

  1. Add ethanol
  2. shake
  3. Pour solution into water
    4 positive = milky
58
Q

How do we test for starch ?

A

The iodine test
1.add iodine to the sample
2. Positive = blue black colour

59
Q

How do we calculate energy in food ??

A

Energy in food = Mass of water (g) X temp change X 4.2

60
Q

What’s diffusion?

A

The movement of particles
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Biology (7 decks)

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