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key words Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Rationalism

A

human reason is primary source of knowledge/truth

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2
Q

Empiricism

A

all knowledge/truth is derived from the senses alone

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3
Q

Revelation

A

knowledge is revealed to humanity through encounters with god

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4
Q

Theory of the Forms

A

Plato’s theory of two worlds, reality and appearance

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5
Q

Form of the good

A

the highest of al forms; the source of knowledge

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6
Q

concept/ideal

A

the innate, ideal of an object

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7
Q

phenomena/particular

A

an object in the material world

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8
Q

form (Aristotle)

A

what makes something recognisable

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9
Q

material cause

A

what is the object made out of?

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10
Q

efficient cause

A

who made the object? who brought it into existence?

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11
Q

formal cause

A

the shape, structure and characteristics of an object

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12
Q

final cause

A

the purpose (telos) of an object

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13
Q

prime mover

A

the unchanging final cause of all that exists

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14
Q

telos

A

end, result, purpose

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15
Q

body/soul distinction

A

the issue of personal identity

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16
Q

dualism

A

the belief that humans have two elements

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17
Q

substance dualism

A

the two elements (the body and the soul) are wholly different substances

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18
Q

monism

A

the view that humans are one substance, not two

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19
Q

materialism

A

the only substances is a material one

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20
Q

replica theory

A

a thought experience

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21
Q

theistic monism

A

“we are an indissoluble psychophysical unity” (Hick) also known as soft materialism

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22
Q

“soul one” (Dawkins)

A

non-material life force; an ancient idea being killed by science

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23
Q

“soul two” (Dawkins)

A

intellectual, reason or consciousness

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24
Q

identity theory

A

all mental activity is centred in the brain and is purely physical

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25
a posteriori
an argument based on sense experience and observation of evidence
26
teleological argument
an argument for the existence of god starting with observed design or telos
27
cosmological argument
an argument for the existence of god starting with observations from existence of the universe
28
infinite regress
a chain of events going backwards forever
29
Aquinas's three ways
way one - motion way two - cause way three - necessity and contingency
30
contingent
depends on something else for its existence; can cease to exist
31
necessary
must exist, cannot not exist. holds the reason for its being within itself
32
design qua purpose
design "as relating to" purpose
33
design qua regularity
design "as relating to" the regular cycles and natural laws in the world
34
evolution/natural selection
the process in nature where the organisms best adapted to their environment survive and pass on their genetic characteristics while those less adapted tend to be eliminated
35
epicurean hypothesis
given infinite time, an infinite number of particles could produce order
36
fallacy of composition
what is observed about the parts cannot be assumed to be the same as the whole
37
a priori
an argument based on reason alone (before sense experience)
38
ontological argument
an argument for the existence of god starting with reason
39
principle of sufficient reason
the complete and full explanation
40
analytic
a statement that contains the truth needed to verify it within the statement itself
41
synthetic
a statement which needs external evidence to verify it has true/false
42
logical fallacy
an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid
43
predicate
a quality or property of an object/subject in a sentence
44
conversion experience
a change of heart and turning around of ones priorities, following a new direction in life
45
corporate religious experience
a religious experience shared with many people
46
numinous experience
the experience of the wholly other
47
William James' definition
"the feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may call the divine"
48
principle of credulity
things are as they seem to be useless we have evidence to the contrary
49
principle of testimony
we should assume people are telling the truth, unless we have good reason to believe otherwise
50
passive
not in control of the experience; feeling of being taken over by a more powerful being
51
noetic
provided new knowledge or insight
52
ineffable
cannot be described/difficult to be put into words
53
transient
experience does not last long but its significance is out of proportion with its duration
54
intellectual vision
seen in the minds eye rather then a physical presence
55
imaginative vision
a dream
56
corporeal vision
a physical sighting
57
mystic experience
an experience of something beyond normal awareness
58
privation
a lack of essential characteristics or property eg blindness is a lack of sight
59
theodicy
the justification of god in the face of evil and suffering
60
inconsistent triad
god cannot be omnipotent and Omni-benevolent or evil would not exist
61
epistemic distance
the knowledge of gods existence is not obvious to humans in order to allow free will
62
eschatology
the end times or last days of the universe; often a reference to the afterlife
63
soul-making
hicks phrase referring to growing from the image into the likeness of god
64
soul-deciding
often used of Augustine's theodicy - the individual decides where their soul will go depending on their response to Jesus
65
moral evil
evil and suffering caused by humans - war
66
natural evil
evil and suffering caused by natural events - earthquake
67
dysteleological evil
evil and suffering that does not seem to have a purpose
68
logical problem of evil
how can god be all powerful and all loving when evil exists
69
evidential problem of evil
the sheer amount of evil in the world

philosophy (6 decks)

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