Soul, Mind and Body

Question 1

dualism

Answer 1

humans are made up of the soul and the body

Question 2

what are the non-material elements?

Answer 2

soul, spirit or mind

Question 3

Plato

Answer 3

the world of the forms

Question 4

which world is the real world

Answer 4

the world of the forms

Question 5

facts about the world of the forms

Answer 5

+ its immortal
+ its perfect
- imprisoned in the body

Question 6

what has Plato’s world of the forms been influenced by?

Answer 6

Christian teachings

Question 7

what is Plato’s example?

Answer 7

the charioteer

Question 8

what does the Charioteer and the two horses symbolise in Plato’s example?

Answer 8

Charioteer: Reason
Horse: Physical Desires
Horse: Emotions

Question 9

Plato’s argument for dualism - knowledge

Answer 9

The soul has a prior knowledge from the world of the forms and remembers the concepts and ideas from there.
remembering is simply requiring knowledge from there

Question 10

Plato’s argument for dualism - Opposites

Answer 10

The body and soul are opposites

Question 11

Aristotle

Answer 11

said that the soul and body are separate but when the body dies, the soul dies too

Question 12

what does the soul do?

Answer 12

it gives the form, shape and characteristics of an object

Question 13

can the body and soul be separated?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Aristotle’s examples

Answer 14

the axe

Question 15

the axe

Answer 15

if you separate the blade and the handle, it effects the axe’s ability to cut up wood

Question 16

what faculties does a human soul have

Answer 16

nutrition
perception
desire
locomotion
intellect

Question 17

what faculties does a plant soul have

Answer 17

nutrition

Question 18

were does a human soul come on the hierarchy of souls

Answer 18

at the top

Question 19

where does a plant soul come on the hierarchy of souls

Answer 19

at the bottom

Question 20

substance dualism

Answer 20

that the body and the soul are two completely different elements

Question 21

who is the main supporter of substance dualism

Answer 21

Descartes

Question 22

what did Descartes originally want to know?

Answer 22

if there was any piece of knowledge that was beyond doubt

Question 23

why can’t there be a piece of knowledge beyond doubt?

Answer 23

because things such as our senses can be deceived

Question 24

what is the body

Answer 24

spiritual but not conscious

Question 25

what is the soul

Answer 25

non-spiritual and is conscious

Question 26

why did Descartes believe the body and the soul were separate?

Answer 26

if you loose your arm or leg, it doesn't mean that you loose a part of your mind/soul/spirit too

Question 27

does Descartes believe that the body and the soul interact with each other?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

How does the body and the mind interact?

Answer 28

through the Pineal Gland

Question 29

what is the seat of imagination and common sense in the body?

Answer 29

the Pineal Gland

Question 30

Who criticised Descartes and Substance Dualism?

Answer 30

Gilbert Ryle Peter Geach G.E.M. Anscombe

Question 31

what did Ryle call Descartes model

Answer 31

"The Ghost in the Machine"

Question 32

Ryle's three examples

Answer 32

A Foreigner touring Oxford A boy watching a military parade A foreigner watching a game of cricket

Question 33

A Foreigner touring Oxford

Answer 33

A Foreigner touring Oxford sees all the library and all the grounds and then asks where the university is

Question 34

A boy watching a military parade

Answer 34

A boy watching a military parade sees all the platoons, squadrons,

Question 35

A foreigner watching a game of cricket

Answer 35

A foreigner watching a game of cricket sees the wicket, fielder, bowlers and then asks "where is the team spirit?"

Question 36

what was Descartes error?

Answer 36

Descartes has made the error that everything can be categorised when it can't

Question 37

who else does Peter Geach criticise apart from Descartes

Answer 37

Plato

Question 38

what does Geach say?

Answer 38

"man is a sort of body, not a body plus and an immaterial somewhat; for man is an animal with one kind of living body"

Question 39

Richard Dawkins

Answer 39

life is simply bytes of digital information contained within DNA

Question 40

what will future science be able to do in Dawkins mind?

Answer 40

explain consciousness in purely material/physical terms

Question 41

soul one

Answer 41

non-material life force being killed off by science based off an ancient idea to explain consciousness

Question 42

soul two

Answer 42

the intellect an inherit part of being human will one day be explained by science

Question 43

Dawkins quote

Answer 43

"we are all of us but self-reproducing robots? we have been put together by our genes and what we do is roam the world looking for a way to sustain ourselves and ultimately produce another robot - a child"

Question 44

who criticised Dawkins

Answer 44

R. Swinburne | K. Ward

Question 45

Swinburne criticism

Answer 45

conscience, morality and personal identity cannot be explained without reference to a soul

Question 46

Ward criticism

Answer 46

it is the soul which gives humanity its special dignity and sense of purpose

Question 47

soft materialist

Answer 47

john hick

Question 48

what is soft materialism also known as

Answer 48

Theistic Monism

Question 49

does john hick agree with the soul and body being separate

Answer 49

no | "we are on an indissoluble psycho-physical unity"

Question 50

replica theory

Answer 50

personal identity is contained within the body, mind, memory's and as a whole

Question 51

what does hicks reject

Answer 51

that only the soul survives at death

Question 52

what does Aquinas call the soul?

Answer 52

"first principle of life"

Question 53

who is Aquinas influenced by?

Answer 53

Aristotle

Question 54

identity theory

Answer 54

that all mental activity happens in the brain

Question 55

epiphenomenalism

Answer 55

physical events can cause mental events but mental events cant cause physical events

Question 56

functionalism

Answer 56

the idea that all mental states have a casual role

Question 57

intentionality

Answer 57

the idea of freewill also links to the concept of intention

Question 58

moral responsibility

Answer 58

it is difficult to see how freewill is compatible with the theory that all brain events are physically determined

Question 59

nature of the universe

Answer 59

do we live in a casually enclosed physical universe or is there a metaphysical realm?

Question 60

who favours life after death more out of dualism and materialism?

Answer 60

dualism seems to favour survival more then materialism