Keywords

Question 1

Zwitterion

Answer 1

Molecular ion with both positive & negative charges but neutral overall

Question 2

Dipeptide

Answer 2

Molecule made up of two amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 3

Primary structure

Answer 3

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 4

Secondary structure

Answer 4

alpha-helix or beta-pleated structure formed by hydrogen bonding

Question 6

Tertiary structure

Answer 6

3D shape of the protein formed by more hydrogen, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges

Question 7

How are disulfide bridges formed

Answer 7

Oxidation between two cysteine amino acids
R-S-H on both undergo oxidation reactions to eliminate the 2H+ and 2e- to form R-S-S-R

Question 8

How are ionic bonds formed

Answer 8

Zwitterions in amino acids - COOH group protonates the NH2 group by donating a H+ to form H3N+—CHR—COO-
Ionic bond occurs between the oppositely charged ends of two zwitterions

Question 9

Complementary definition

Answer 9

Adenine binds to Thymine
Cytosine binds to Guanine

Question 10

Nucleotide definition

Answer 10

Molecule formed from a phophate, pentose sugar (2-deoxyribose) and a nitrogen containing base
From a condensation reaction

Question 11

Active site definition

Answer 11

Part of the enzyme where a substrate binds.
Specific structure so only complementary structure substrate can bind

Question 13

Functional groups definition

Answer 13

Specific atom/ group of atoms which give certain chemical and physical properties

Question 14

Homologous series definition

Answer 14

Same functional group but different length of carbon chain.

Question 15

General formula

Answer 15

Formula shows the number of atoms of each element in a substance with n carbon atoms

Question 16

Molecular formula

Answer 16

Formula shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 17

Empirical formula

Answer 17

Formula shows simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 18

Displayed formula

Answer 18

Formula shows every atom and bond in the molecule

Question 19

Structural formula

Answer 19

Formula shows how the atoms are joined together in a molecule
Can be used to draw a molecule

Question 20

Skeletal formula

Answer 20

Formula where corners of lines represent CH2 unit

Question 21

Structural isomerism

Answer 21

Same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 22

Stereoisomerism

Answer 22

Same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 23

Chain isomerism

Answer 23

Same molecular formula, different carbon chain length

Question 24

Position isomerism

Answer 24

Same molecular formula and carbon chain length, position of functional group on carbon chain is different

Question 25

Functional group isomerism

Answer 25

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 26

Geometric isomerism

Question 27

Optical isomerism