Keywords

Question 1

Destructive (Convergent) Boundary

Answer 1

Boundaries moving towards eachother

Question 2

Constructive (Divergent) Boundary

Answer 2

Boundaries move away

Question 3

Conservative (Transform)

Answer 3

Boundaries slide past eachother

Question 4

Benioff Zone

Answer 4

Area where immediate, deep focus earthquakes are caused due to collision and subduction

Question 5

Fold mountains

Answer 5

Continental plates crushed up together to form high fold mountains e.g. Himalayas

Question 6

Island Arcs

Answer 6

Subducted plates create underwater volcanoes that eventually rise and form islands in curved lines

Question 7

Fault lines

Answer 7

Huge fractures in rock that allow plates to move and release pressure

Question 8

Transform fault

Answer 8

Faults along a mid ocean ridge that create submarine volcanoes

Question 9

Mid ocean ridge

Answer 9

Diverging plates allow magma to rise and create new mountainous ocean floor

Can form transform faults = earthquakes

Can form submarine volcanoes that can rise to form islands e.g. Iceland

Question 10

Deep ocean trench

Answer 10

Deep trenches in ocean floor created at subduction zones when a plate sinks

Question 11

Submarine Volcanoes

Answer 11

Underwater volcanoes that erupt beneath the ocean’s surface, often along mid-ocean ridges, and can form new seafloor material

Question 12

Hazard

Answer 12

Naturally occurring event that has the potential to affect people

Question 13

Disaster

Answer 13

Major natural hazard that strikes a vulnerable population that can’t cope using their resources

Question 14

Vulnerability

Answer 14

Ability to anticipate, cope, resist and recover from a natural hazard

Question 15

Lithosphere

Answer 15

Refers to the crust and upper mantle (Where subduction takes place)

Question 16

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Answer 16

Caused by extreme climate and meteorological events e.g. floods, droughts, tsunami etc..

Question 17

Geophysical Disasters

Answer 17

Disasters brought about by tectonic and seismic activity e.g. volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunami

Question 18

Hotspots

Answer 18

Extra hot magma rises up from mantle causes islands to form hotspot volcanoes

As plate moves over extra hot magma different holes burnt in plate so a series of volcanoes appear

E.g. Hawaiian Islands

Question 19

Resilience

Answer 19

Ability to withstand a hazard and it’s impacts while maintaining essential services during a disaster

Question 20

Rift valleys

Answer 20

Divergent boundary = crust stretches + creates parallel faults

Space between faults collapses + causes steep valleys

Question 21

Transform fault

Answer 21

Space where two plates form a conservative boundary and slide against eachother

E.g. San Andreas Fault California

Question 24

Hotspot Volcano

Answer 24

Area where mantle is exceptionally hot, so mantle rises and creates chains of volcanoes as plates move over the hotspot

E.g. Hawaiian Islands

Question 25

Intraplate Earthquakes

Answer 25

May be triggered by pressure releasing in ancient fault lines that release seismic activity Causes still not fully understood Also caused by hotspots and mantle plumes