KGC + HAZARDS Flashcards
(26 cards)
Change?
Change is about investigating how different geographical phenomena alter the world over time. Change can occur at different times, speeds and scales. Change also happens within both natural and human environments.
What are the four different types of distance?
Absolute distance - measured in units e.g. km
Relative distance - considers factors such as travel time, financial cost or convenience.
Psychological distance - perceived distance; as familiarity with a place increases, it seems closer.
Cultural distance - the degree of similarity or difference in attitudes and social norms.
Distribution?
The arrangement or spread of phenomena (people, places, or things) across the Earth’s surface.
How do you answer a distribution question?
PQE
P- Pattern
Q- Quantification
E- Exception
Enviroment?
The living and non-living elements of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. Includes natural environments (like forests or oceans) and built environments (like cities).
Interconnection?
How places, people, and things are connected and how these relationships affect each other. For example, how tourism affects a local economy and environment. How geographical phenomena are connected.
Movement?
Movement refers to the way people, animals, natural phenomenon, products, information and ideas move from one place to another
Place?
Places are parts of the Earth’s surface that are identified and given meaning by people.
Process?
A process is a series of actions or steps leading to change within the natural or human environment.
Region?
An area of land that has common features. A region can be defined by natural or artificial features.
What are the two types of scales?
Map scale shows the relationship between measurements on a map and the actual measurements on the ground.
Observational scale is conceptual and refers to the relative size of phenomena and to the size of the area or areas being studied – local, regional, national, international and global.
Spatial Association?
Spatial association is the degree to which two or more phenomena are similarly arranged over space.
What does a strong association mean?
A strong spatial association occurs where the distributions of two phenomena are very similar.
What does a weak association mean?
A weak spatial association means there is little similarity between the distribution of phenomena.
Sustainability?
Sustainability is the capacity of the environment to continue to support life, now and into the future.
Hazard?
Hazards are situations with a potential to cause harm to people or the environment.
Hazard event?
A hazard event is when a hazard is realised.
Disaster?
Disasters are hazard events causing significant damage to property and/or loss of life.
What are the four types of classifying hazards?
Geological
Hydro-meteorological
Biological
Technological
What is a geological hazard? Give an example.
These hazards include volcanic activity, earthquakes and tsunamis, all of which are processes generally associated with the dynamics of plate tectonics.
What is a hydro-meteorological hazard? Give an example.
These are weather and water related hazards. These include droughts, floods, storms and bushfires.
What is a biological hazard? Give an example.
These hazards are associated with life form and their processes. These include infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, Covid 19), animal-transmitted diseases (rabies and avian flu), waterborne diseases (cholera) and plant invasions (cane toads)
What is a technological hazard? Give an example.
These hazards are related to human activity. Oil spills, nuclear accidents, industrial explosions.
What is a compound diaster?
Compound disaster: where one disaster creates another disaster.
