Unit 1 Hazard Test

Question 1

Hazards?

Answer 1

Hazards are situations with a potential to cause harm to people and/or to the environment.

Question 2

A hazard event?

Answer 2

A Hazard Event: is when the hazard is realised.

Question 3

Disaster?

Answer 3

Disasters: are hazards events causing significant damage to property and/or loss of life.

Question 4

Factors affecting risk?

Answer 4

• Social (population, education, health)
• Historical (past events, frequency)
• Environmental (climate, land use)
• Economic (wealth, resources)
• Political (government response, policies)
  Technological (early warning systems, infrastructure)

Question 5

What is a geological hazard? Give an example.

Answer 5

Geological: These hazards include volcanic activity, earthquakes and tsunamis, all of which are processes generally associated with the dynamics of plate tectonics.

Question 6

What are the four types of classifying hazards?

Answer 6

Geological
Hydro-meteorological
Biological
Technological

Question 7

What is a hydro-meteorological hazard? Give an example.

Answer 7

Hydro-meteorological hazards: These are weather and water related hazards. These include droughts, floods, storms and bushfires.

Question 8

What is a biological hazard? Give an example.

Answer 8

Biological Hazards: These hazards are associated with life form and their processes. These include infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, Covid 19), animal-transmitted diseases (rabies and avian flu), waterborne diseases (cholera) and plant invasions (cane toads)

Question 9

What is a technological hazard? Give an example.

Answer 9

Technological hazards: These hazards are related to human activity. Oil spills, nuclear accidents, industrial explosions.

Question 10

What does rapid onset mean?

Answer 10

Rapid on-set: Refers to a hazard occurring with little warning and can affect locations quickly. For example, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, flash flood and bushfires

Question 11

What does slow on-set mean?

Answer 11

Slow on-set: Are hazards are ones that can take months or even years to develop. These hazards include drought, the spread of disease and sea level rising.

Question 12

What does frequency mean? What happens when the event is more significant?

Answer 12

Frequency: The rate at which something occurs over a period of time (how many times has it happened). The more significant the event is, the less frequent it occurs.

Question 13

What is a compound diaster?

Answer 13

Compound disaster: where one disaster creates another disaster.

Question 14

Interconnection meaning?

Answer 14

Interconnection: The connections between two hazards.

Question 15

Benefits of Earthquakes?

Answer 15

• Earthquakes: Can create mountains, expose valuable minerals.

Question 16

Benefits of Volancoes?

Answer 16

• Volcanoes: Fertile soil, geothermal energy, tourism.

Question 17

What are two positives impacts of a Volcanic Eruption?

Answer 17

POSITIVES: Different types of landscapes are formed by the eruption, this will attract tourist bring income for the region. The lava and ash deposited during the eruption can create fertile soil, good for agriculture.

Question 18

What are two negatives impacts of a Volcanic Eruption?

Answer 18

NEGETIVES: Many lives may be lost and people often have to evacuate. Ash can be hazardous to the health of humans and animals.

Question 19

What are the major tectonic plates?

Answer 19

• Major Plates – Pacific, Eurasian, North American, African, Indo-Australian, South American, Antarctic.

Question 20

What are the types of tectonic plates?

Answer 20

Convergent, Divergent and Transform

Question 21

Convergent plate

Answer 21

• Convergent (Destructive & Collision) they collide into each other – Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains.

Question 22

Divergent plate?

Answer 22

• Divergent (Constructive) they move away from each other – Mid-ocean ridges, new crust.

Question 23

Transform?

Answer 23

Transform (Conservative) they slide past eachother– Earthquakes, no volcanoes.

Question 24

Basic knowledge of the convection currents?

Answer 24

Convection Currents: Hot magma rises, cools, and sinks, moving plates.

Question 25

Identify the four tectonic plates that meet near Japan.

Answer 25

Pacific plate, North American plate, Eurasian plat and Philippine Sea Plate.

Question 26

Explain how the movement of these plates contributed to the 2011 earthquake.

Answer 26

The Pacific Plate subducted beneath the North American Plate, causing a build-up of stress that was suddenly released, resulting in a massive earthquake and tsunami.

Question 27

List three major effects of the earthquake and tsunami on Japan’s geography and infrastructure.

Answer 27

* Coastal areas were submerged due to land subsidence. * Infrastructure, including roads, ports, and buildings, was destroyed. * The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant suffered a meltdown

Question 28

What are the two types of crust?

Answer 28

Oceanic crust and continental crust.

Question 29

What is the oceanic crust?

Answer 29

Oceanic Crust (Sima) Thinner (~7 km thick). Denser (made of basalt). Younger (constantly being recycled at subduction zones).

Question 30

What is the oceanic crust?

Answer 30

Continental Crust (Sial) Thicker (~30–70 km thick). Less dense (made of granite). Older (some parts are over 4 billion years old).