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KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY > Kidney > Flashcards

Kidney Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of Urinary System

A
  1. Excretion/Elimination of waste products
  2. Regulates aspects of homeostasis
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2
Q

Nitrogenous wastes

A
  1. Urea and ammonia
  2. Creatinine
  3. Uric Acid
  4. Urobilin
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3
Q

The enzyme that increase blood pressure

A

Renin

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4
Q

Electrolytes

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphate ions

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5
Q

Regulation calcium homeostasis

A

Vitamin D (calcitriol)

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6
Q

RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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7
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Urinary Bladder
  4. Urethra
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8
Q

It is the major work in the urinary system

A

Kidney

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9
Q

Adult kidney size:

A

4.5 inch long, 2-3 inch wide, 1 inch thick

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10
Q

Location of the Kidney

A
  1. Against the dorsal body wall (retroperitoneal)
  2. Levels in T12-L3
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11
Q

Layers of the Kidney

A
  1. Renal Capsule
  2. Adipose Capsule
  3. Renal Fascia
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12
Q

Part of the covering of the kidney that maintains shape and trauma against barrier

A
  1. Renal Capsule
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13
Q

Composed of a mass of fatty tissue that helps the kidney in the correct position

A
  1. Adipose Capsule
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14
Q

A thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures and the abdominal wall

A
  1. Renal Fascia
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15
Q

This is where the ureter, blood, and lymphatic vessels, and nerves emerge

A

Renal Hilum

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16
Q

Inferior displacement or dropping of the kidney (more common in females)

A

Nephrotosis

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17
Q

2 regions of the kidney

A

Renal Cortex (Outer) and Renal Medulla (Inner)

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18
Q

It is the superficial light red region.

A

Renal Cortex

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19
Q

It extends between renal pyramids

A

Renal Columns

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20
Q

Deep, darker reddish-brown inner that contains renal pyramids

A

Renal Medulla

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21
Q

It points toward the renal hilum

A

Renal pappillae

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22
Q

Triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Medullary pyramids

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23
Q

Extensions of cortex-liked material inward

A

Renal Columns

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24
Q

Consist of renal cortex and renal pyramids

A

Parenchyma

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25
Functional and structural units of the kidney and responsible for forming urine
Nephrons
26
It is where filtrate fluid formed by nephrons and extend through the renal papillae of pyramids
Papillary Ducts
27
Funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
Minor and Major Calyces
28
It contains parts of the renal pelvis, calyces, and branches of the renal blood vessels and nerves
Renal Sinus
29
State the path of urine drainage
1. Collecting Duct 2. Papillary Duct 3. Minor Calyx 4. Major Calyx 5. Renal Pelvis 6. Ureter 7. Urinary Bladder
30
Renal Blood Flow per minute
1,200 ml per minute
31
State the Renal Blood supply
Aorta-> Renal Artery-> Segmental Artery-> Lobar Artery-> Inter-lobar artery-> Arcuate Artery-> Inter-lobular artery-> Afferent Arteriole-> Glomerulus-> Efferent Arteriole-> Peritubular capillaries-> Interlobular Veins-> Arcuate Vein-> Inter-lobar Vein-> Renal Vein- Inferior Vena Cava
32
2 Main parts of Nephrons
1. Renal Corpuscle 2. Renal Tubule
33
It is where blood plasma is filtered (renal cortex), and the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are found in this area.
Renal Corpuscle
34
It is where filtered blood passes
Renal tubule
35
A ball-shaped capillary network that has a high hydrostatic pressure (60 mmHg)
Glomerulus
36
It is where the DCT empties its content
Collecting duct
37
It has a visceral layer consisting of podocytes where fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries
Bowman's Capsule
38
Type of Nephron that located entirely in the cortex
Cortical Nephrons
39
Type of Nephron that is found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla and has the ability to produce concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
40
State the flow of fluid through cortical nephrons
Bowman's Capsule->Proximal Convoluted Tubule-> Descending limb of nephron loop-> Ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Distal Convoluted Tubule
41
State the flow of fluid through juxtamedullary nephrons
Bowman's Capsule-> Proximal Convoluted Tubule-> Descending limb of the nephron loop-> Thin ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Thick Ascending limb of the nephron loop-> Distal Convoluted Tubule
42
It arises from the efferent arteriole of the glomerulus and travel alongside nephrons
Peritubular Capillaries
43
Basic Processes in Producing Urine
1. Glomerular Filtration 2. Tubular Reabsorption 3. Tubular Secretion
44
A process that filters plasma
Glomerular Filtration
45
A process that reabsorbs needed compounds & water from the filtrate.
Tubular Reabsorption
46
A process that secretes some material into filtrate
Tubular Secretion
47
It is the first step of urine production and occurs in renal corpuscle
Glomerular Filtration
48
It is the fluid that enters the capsular space
Filtrate/Glomerular Filtrate
49
Fraction of blood plasma in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys that becomes glomerular filtrate.
Filtration Fraction
50
Glomerular Filtration Rate per minute
105ml/min (women)- 125 ml/min (men)
51
Most reabsorption occurs in where?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
52
It consist of substances filtered across the filtration membrane and are secreted from peritubular capillaries into the nephron.
Urine
53
Plasma pH
7.35-7.45`
54
2 important outcomes in tubular secretion
Secretion of the hydrogen ions Secretion of other substances
55
Decrease glomerular filtration rate by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
Angiotensin II
56
Stimulates the principal cells in the collecting ducts to reabsorb more sodium and secrete more potassium
Aldosterone
57
Increases GFR & inhibits aldosterone and ADH
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
58
It responds to increased concentration of solute in blood+fall in BP
Anti-diuretic Hormone
59
Layers of Ureter
1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis 3. Adventitia
59
Layers of Ureter
1. Mucosa 2. Muscularis 3. Adventitia
60
Slender tubes attach the kidney to the bladder.
Ureter
61
The hollow distensible urinary organ in the pelvic cavity
Urinary Bladder
62
Urinary bladder capacity
700-800 ml
63

KIDNEY-GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY (2 decks)

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