Kidney

Question 1

what is excretion

Answer 1

-the removal of waste products as a result of metabolic reactions(cellular processes)
-excretory organs are lungs, kidneys and skin

Question 2

what is egestion

Answer 2

-the removal of undigested food from the digestive system through the anus

Question 3

what is homeostasis

Answer 3

maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 4

what does urine contain

Answer 4

-urea
-other nitrogenous wastes
-salts (sodium, potassium)
-water

Question 5

what is urine produced by

Answer 5

-kidneys

Question 6

what is the function of the kidney

Answer 6

-excretory and homeostasis organ
-the kidney removes waste from our blood
-it also adjusts the amount of water and salt in the blood
-the kidney sends the waste to your bladder to be stored as urine

Question 7

relevance of liver with urine

Answer 7

-this organ is responsible for breaking down excess amino acids from digested proteins to make ammonia. Too much ammonia is dangerous as it is very acidic, so it is converted to urea and sent to the kidneys

Question 8

relevance of kidney with urine

Answer 8

-once urea has been formed in the liver it travels to the kidney. The urea is then filtered out along with water and other unneeded ions to form urine

Question 9

relevance of the ureter with urine

Answer 9

-narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
-These tubes are made out of smooth muscle

Question 10

relevance of bladder with urine

Answer 10

-stores the urine it is distended

Question 11

relevance of urethra with urine

Answer 11

-a tube that connects the bladder for the removal of urine(and semen in males) to the outside of the body

Question 12

label kidney

Answer 12

google it mate

Question 13

how does blood enter the kidney

Answer 13

-renal artery

Question 14

how does blood exit the kidney

Answer 14

-renal vein

Question 15

what is the cortex

Answer 15

-contains tiny blood vessels
-contains nephrons
-ultrafiltration occurs

Question 16

what is the medulla

Answer 16

-contains nephrons and capillaries
-connects to renal pelvis
-osmoregulation (regulation of water)

Question 17

what is the renal pelvis

Answer 17

connects kidney to ureter

Question 18

what are the 6 parts of the nephron

Answer 18

-glomerulus
-bowman’s capsule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct

Question 19

define ultrafiltration

Answer 19

-small molecules and ions are filtered out of the blood under higher pressure, into the bowman’s capsule

Question 20

define selective reabsorption

Answer 20

-molecules and ions which are required by the body are taken back from the nephro

Question 21

how does the site of ultrafiltration work

Answer 21

-the blood in the glomerulus, and the fluid in the bowman’s capsule are separated by 2 layers of cell (capillary wall and wall of the capsule) In between the layers in the basement membrane

Question 22

how does ultrafiltration work

Answer 22

-the blood is forced through the glomerulus under high pressure
-The size of molecules allowed to leave the blood depends on the following 3 filters: capillary wall, basement membrane and Bowman capsule wall
-water , glucose and other small molecules are allowed through, but cells and large proteins stay behind in the blood
-the fluid that enters the bowman capsule space is called the glomerular filtrate
-very high blood pressure can cause proteins to be forced into the bowman’s capsule and appear in urine

Question 23

where does selective reabsorption occur

Answer 23

-proximal convoluted tubule

Question 24

how does selective reabsorption work

Answer 24

-all of glucose molecules are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood via active transport

Question 25

how and where is water reabsorbed into the blood

Answer 25

osmosis in the loop of henle

Question 26

define osmoregulation

Answer 26

maintaining a constant level of water and salts in the body

Question 27

what is ADH

Answer 27

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 28

what does ADH do

Answer 28

it is a substance that produces less urine

Question 29

where is ADH secreted from

Answer 29

the pituitary gland

Question 30

describe how ADH works

Answer 30

-dehydration
-decreased water potential in the blood
-osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus detect low water potential in blood
-hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland
-the pituitary gland secretes increased amounts of ADH
-ADH is secreted in the blood
-ADH arrives at the collecting duct, and causes it to become more permeable to water
-more water is reabsorbed into the blood. Therefore less urine is produced and it is more concentrated