Flashcards in kidney 3 Deck (11)
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1
what are the 2 functions of the juxta-glomerular apparatus?
connects distal convoluted tubules with glomerulus
measure and respond to changes in Na+ conc. of filtrate
2
what are the 3 components of the juxta-glomerular apparatus?
macula densa
-detect Na conc.
juxtaglomerular cells
-adjust diameter of afferent arterioles
mesangial cells
-supporting cells
3
what are the steps of the angiotensinogen-system restoring bp via angiotensin II
1. angiotensinogen released into circulation
2. renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
3. angiotensinogen converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into II
4. angiotensin II potent vasoconstrictor-increase bp
4
how is blood volume restored?
angiotensin II binds target receptors on:
1. arterioles- constriction
2. hypothalamus - thirst
3. pituitary - release ADH
4. adrenal medulla- release aldosterone
5
what are the consequences of chronic kidney disease?
inadequate removal of fluid and waste products of metabolism
inappropriate activation of RAAS
6
what are the causes of CKD?
hypertension
diabetes
high cholesterol
kidney infections
glomerulonephritis
polycystic kidney disease
kidney stones
long-term use of NSAIDS
7
what are the symptoms of CKD?
hypertension
nausea
oedema
-ankles, hands, feet, lungs
blood/protein in urine
anaemia
weak/painful bones
8
how is hypertension regulated?
diet(reduce salt/weight loss)
combination tx
diuretics (furosemide)
ace inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker
aldosterone agonist
9
how does furosemide work?
targets NKCC2
-Na reabsorptio
10
describe stage 5 kidney failure
end-stage renal disease
less than 15% function
dialysis/ transplant rn
11
