Kidney Flashcards
(11 cards)
Why is the direction of blood flow opposite to the dialysis fluid?
Maintains and maximises diffusion gradient to allow maximum removal of diffuse and therefore waste
What is the effect of a longer loop of Henle on water potential?
Longer loop lower the water potential of urine
Ions pass out of ascending limb to tissue fluid
Creating low wp in medulla
Water reabsorbed from collecting duct by osmosis
Why do the capillaries cause pressure?
Afferent larger diameter than efferent therefore it causes a bottleneck effect resulting in pressure buildup
Why does high blood pressure cause protein in urine?
Glomerulus pressure is large so proteins are forced through resulting in damage to the capillaries and basement membrane
What are the layers of ultrafiltration?
Endothelium of capillary
Basement membrane
Podocytes
How does the endothelium of capillary ensure filtration?
Narrow gaps between cells also cells contain fenestrations. a
How does the basement membrane ensure filtration?
Fine mesh of collagen fibres with a slight charge prevents most proteins
How does the Podocytes ensure filtration?
They have finger like projections which ensure gaps between cells fluid passes through here to bowman’s capsule
How does CG pregnancy tests work?
CG acts as a antigen Move to monoclonal antibodies Bind as they are complementary shapes Coloured particles form a line as they bind to stationary antibody. C-G antibody complex forms
Why does high glucose conc result in glucose in urine?
High levels in filternate
Unable to absorb all glucose
Not enough sodium cotransporters
All are saturated
What are the adaptations of a desert rat in its kidney?
Long loop of Henle so very low water potential in medulla
Collecting duct more permeable to water as lots of aquaporins
More sensitive to ADH
