Kidney And Gental Development

Question 1

Leydig cells

Answer 1

Mesoderm cells that infiltrate testies at week 8 produce testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

• required for differentiation of the duct system and external genitalia for males

Question 2

Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells)

Answer 2

Cells that reside in testies and provide structural support as well as produce Anti-mullarian hormone

Question 3

Difference between XX and XY chromosomal wise

Answer 3

Y chromsome produces SRY gene

SRY gene produces testis determining factor which differentiates primitive gonad into testies

Question 4

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

Answer 4

Hormones that help differentiate the external genitalia into “male” and grow the duct system

Question 5

Anti-mullerian hormone

Answer 5

Inhibits growth and differentiation of paramesonephric duct (prevents female duct system and ovary growth)

Question 6

Estrogen

Answer 6

Hormone that promotes growth and differentiation of the female duct system and external genitalia.

Question 7

Sinus tubercle gives rise to what structures?

Answer 7

Female = hymen

Male = seminal colliculus

Question 8

Spermatagonia cells

Answer 8

Differentiated primordial germ cells that reside in the seminiferous tubules.

• cells that produce sperm once puberty starts

Question 9

Tunic albuginea

Answer 9

Thick fibrous capsule underneath visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis

• protective layer

Question 10

Testosterone production begins when?

Answer 10

Week 8

Question 11

Ovary production

Answer 11

Absence of AMH allows cortical cords to form along surface epithelium and form isolated cell clusters

• forms follicular cells and primary oocyte forms the primordial follicle
• ovary will separate from the mesonephric duct and grow with the paramesonephric duct
• supported by mesonerium

Question 12

Wolffian and mullerian

Answer 12

Mesonephric duct and paramesonephric duct respectively

Question 13

Movement of sperm through male duct system

Answer 13

• grow from PGC’s in seminiferous tubules
• moves into the efferent ductules
• moves into epididymis (reside in tail of epididymis until called upon for ejaculation).
• moves into vas deferens and Then into ejactulatory duct right after passing the seminal vesicles
• after getting seminal fluid, prostate fluid and bulbourethral fluid, sperm moves through membranous, prostatic and spongy urethra.

Question 14

Vas deferens turns into ejaculatory duct when?

Answer 14

Just when it passes the seminal vesicle

Question 15

Superior portion of paramesonephric (mullarian) Forms what?

Answer 15

Uterine tubes and fimbrae

Question 16

Inferior fused portion of paramesonephric (mullarian) forms what?

Answer 16

Uterus, cervix and proximal vagina

Question 17

Gardner cyst and epoophoron, paroophoron

Answer 17

Remnants of the paramesonephric duct

Question 18

Broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 18

Forms from the fusion of the paramesonephric ducts at the midline

• forms uterorectal pouch above it and the uterovesicle pouch below it

Question 19

Vagina production

Answer 19

Caudal tip of paramesonephric ducts contact the urogential sinus and form the sinus tubercle

• sinus tubercle generates sinovaginal bulbs from the pelvic part of the urogential sinus which forms the vaginal plate

Question 20

Urethral and paraurethral gland form from what?

Answer 20

Pelvic portion of urogential sinus

Question 21

Genital tubercle

Answer 21

Primordial tissue outgrowth that produces either the penis or the clitoris

Question 22

Urethral folds

Answer 22

Primordium folds that produces ventral penis or labia minors

Question 23

Genital swellings

Answer 23

Primordium of the scrotum or the labia Majorca and mons pubis

Question 24

Genital swelling in female development

Answer 24

Fuses anteriorly to form anterior labial commissure and mons pubis

Also fuses posteriorly to form posterior labial commissure

Question 25

Cryptorchidism

Answer 25

Failure of testies to descend into scrotum , usually as a result of improper testosterone production

• testies are usually found in the deep ring of the inguinal canal or the abdominal wall and will descend within 1 year of birth
• if they do not descend, testies will not produce sperm and results in sterility