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Anatomy (Block2) > Pelvis And Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis And Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pudendal canal contain?

A

Internal pudendal vessels

Pudendal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

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2
Q

What does the superficial fatty layer of subcutaneous fascia contribute to in both triangles?

A

Urogential: only in females
- labia Majora and mons pubis

Anal triangle: both sexes
- continuous with anal fat pad

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3
Q

What does the superficial membranous collies layer of subcutaneous fascia contribute to in both triangles?

A

ONLY urogential triangle in both sexes:
- females: continuation of scarpa’s fascia

  • males: continuation of scarpa’s fascia and also dartos muscle and fascia
  • attaches to fascia lata laterally to end and not go into anal triangle
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4
Q

What does the deep membranous investing layer of perineal fascia contribute to.

A

Invests all perineal muscles

  • continuous with suspensory ligament of penis/clit
  • also continuous in the bucks fascia or the penis
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5
Q

Superficial perineal pouch broad definition

A

Between collies fascia and perineal membrane

Potential space for pooling

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6
Q

Deep perineal pouch broad definition

A

Space between perineal membrane and inferior pelvic diaphragm fascia

Potential space for pooling

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7
Q

What two superficial perineal muscles maintain erection of the penis/clit?

A

Bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

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8
Q

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

Stabilizes the perineal body

- perineal body is the site of all perineal muscle attachements

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9
Q

Contents of the superfical perineal pouch for women

A

Clit

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiousus muscles

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Compressor urethrae muscle

Greater vestibular glands (bartholin glands)

Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels and perineal branches of pudendal nerves

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10
Q

Superficial perineal pouch contents in males

A

Penis

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles

Bulb of penis and spongy urethra

Penile Crura and superfical transverse perineal muscle

Deep branches of internal pudendal vessels and perineal branches of pudendal nerves

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11
Q

Deep perineal pouch contents in females

A

Proximal urethra

External urethral sphincter

Anterior ischio-anal fat pads

Clit neurovasculature

Smooth muscle mass

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12
Q

Deep perineal pouch contents in males

A

Membraneous urethra

External urethral sphincter

Anterior ischio-anal fat pad

Penile neurovasculature

Deep transverse perineal muscle

Bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper glands)

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13
Q

Scrotal raphe

A

Splits right and left testicle

- directly continuous with penile raphe

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14
Q

Layers of scrotum from superficial to deep

A

Scrotal skin

Dartos muscle and fascia

Cremaster muscle

Tunica vaginalis

Tunica albuginea

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15
Q

Site of sperm storage

A

Tail of epididymus

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16
Q

Epididymis and testis appendix embryological origin/ remnant

A

Epididymis = wolffian/mesonephric duct

Testis = Mullerian/ paramesonephric duct

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17
Q

Pampiniform venous plexus

A

Drains rete testis and epididymis to the right and left testicular veins

Found on the spermatic cord
- controls thermoregulatory plexus of testis w/ spermatic cord

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18
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testies and scrotum

A

Testes drain to lumbar lymph nodes

Scrotum drains to superficial inguinal lymph nodes

19
Q

Difference between vein drainage between left and right sides

A

The same except for the left renal vein is larger and does have a direct tributary/branches (left gonadal and left suprarenal vein).

20
Q

Pudendal nerve branches

A

Inferior rectal nerve (branches in the lesser static foramen

Perineal nerve (branches medial to ischial tuberosity region)

Dorsal nerve of the penis/clit (inferior to pubic symphysis)

21
Q

External vs internal anal sphincter

A

External = skeletal muscle with voluntary innervation (S4)
-Inferior 1/3 of anal canal

Internal = smooth with autonomic innervation
-superior 2/3 anal canal

22
Q

Pectinate line

A

Line that demarcates the superior and inferior anal canal

23
Q

Differences between superior and inferior anal canal

A

Superior:

  • endoderm derived
  • supplied by IMA branch
  • portal venous system
  • autonomic

Inferior:

  • ectoderm derived
  • supplied by internal iliac
  • caval venous System
  • somatic via pudendal
24
Q

Kidney blood supply

A

Renal -> segment -> inter-lobar artery -> arcuate artery

25
Q

What portion of the urinalysis bladder is encased in perineum?

A

Superior portion

26
Q

Functions of pelvic cavity

A

Bears weight of upper body

Transfers weight to lower limbs

Provides attachment for musculature

Contains and protects pelvic viscera

Provides support for abdominopelvic viscera

Provides attachment for erectile bodies

27
Q

Muscles or pelvic diaphragm

A

Puborectalis: U-shaped sling that is posterior to anorectal canal from contralateral pubic bones
- bends anal canal anteriorly to prevent defecation (also blocks vaginal opening in females)

Pubcoccygeus: medial fibers merge w/ contralateral anococcygeal ligaments

Iiococcygeus

Coccygeus: inferior sacrum to ischial spine
- flexes coccyx and supports pelvic viscera

28
Q

Levator ani muscles include what?

A

Puborectalis

Pubococcygeus

Iiococcygeus

29
Q

Broad ligament

A

Peritoneal fold between the uterus and lateral body wall of females

30
Q

Membranous Visceral vs parietal pelvic fascia

A

Parietal: lines the deep pelvic aspect of muscles forming the walls and floor (parts are named for the muscle they cover)

Visceral: directly ensheaths pelvic organs
- also known as adventitia layer

31
Q

Hypogastric sheath

A

Thick band of condensed pelvic fascia that separates retropelvic from retrorectal spaces

Has three laminae

32
Q

Lamina of hypogastric sheath

A

Anterior: lateral ligament of the bladder:
- contains superior vesicle arteries and veins

Posterior: lateral rectal ligament
- contains middle rectal artery and vein and rectal nerve plexus

Intermediate lamina: 
cardinal ligament (females): between uterine cervix and vagina

Rectovesical septum (males): between posterior bladder and prostate

33
Q

3 sites of constriction in ureters

A

Ureter and renal pelvis

Ureter and pelvic inlet

Ureter and urinary bladder

34
Q

What is the broad ligament analogous to in the male

A

Ureteric fold

35
Q

Potential spaces in endopelvic fascia

A

Retropubic and retrorectal

36
Q

Branches of the internal pudendal artery

A

Dorsal penile artery
-supplies fibrous tissue, skin and spongy urethra of the penis

Deep penile artery
- supplies heliocentric arteries within corpus cavernosium

37
Q

What causes an erection?

A

Parasympathetic fibers stimulate helicine arteries to relax allowing blood to fill

  • prevents venous drainage by bucks fascia being pushed up against them compressing the deep penile vein
38
Q

Broad ligament and its peritoneum layers

A

Suspends the uterus and ovaries

Mesovarium (perineum over the ovaries)

Mesometrium (perineum over the uterus)

Mesosalpix (perineum over the uterine tubes)

39
Q

Uterine isthmus (internal os)

A

Separates uterus from the cervix

Also separate line for perineum

40
Q

Active and passive support of the uterus

A

Active = pelvic diaphragm and cardinal ligaments

Passive = urinary bladder

41
Q

Parts of uterine tube (from distal to proximal uterus)

A

Infundiblum w/ fimbriae

Ampulla

Isthmus

Uterine part

Ovary is attached at the isthmus and ampulla but the eggs enter the infundibulum first

42
Q

Suspensory ligaments of the ovaries

A

Suspend the ovaries intraperitioneal and house the ovarian vessels, lymphatic and nerves

Ovarian ligaments are remnants of the female gubernaculum

43
Q

Innervation of the vagina

A

Inferior 1/4th

  • somatic innervation (perineal nerve)
  • sensitivity to pain, temp and touch

Superior 3/4

  • visceral innervation
  • inferior hypogastric plexus -> uterovaginal plexus nerves
44
Q

Autonomic innervation of micturition

A

Parasympathetic:

  • relaxes internal urethral sphincter and anal sphincters
  • contracts destructor muscle

Sympathetic:

  • vasoconstriction of renal vessels
  • contraction of internal urethral sphincter

Anatomy (Block2) (12 decks)

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