kidney diseases

Question 1

two types of kidney disease

Answer 1

Acute Kidney Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease

Question 2

What is Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?

Answer 2

the abrupt and usually reversible decline in glomerular filtration rate, which decreases the functions of the kidneys.

Question 3

What causes AKI

Answer 3

Hypovolaemia due to shock, caused by sepsis or low blood volume
Hypoxia which can be related to cardiovascular or respiratory disease
drugs and toxins including recreational drugs

Question 4

what are the 3 classifications of AKI?

Answer 4

Pre-renal
Intra-renal
Post-renal

Question 5

how are AKI’s classified

Answer 5

by location of the problems occurring

Question 6

explain Pre-renal

Answer 6

abnormality occurring outside the kidney’s.
this often results in decreased blood supply to the kidney’s often caused by reduced cardiac output

Question 7

In pre-renal AKI, what happens when blood pressure drops below 80mmHg?

Answer 7

there is a rapid decline in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Question 8

what happens when there is a decline of GFR

Answer 8

the kidney’s lose its ability to adequately maintain its control functions

Question 9

how can the damage of hypovolemia be reversed?

Answer 9

prompt fluid replacement must be given quickly if the GFR remains over 20-25% of normal.

Question 10

what is Acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 10

medical condition characterized by damage to tubular cells of the kidney.

Question 11

what are the causes of Acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 11

Ischaemia
toxins

Question 12

what is the treatment and management of Acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 12

tubular cells can often regenerate so supportive care is required.
consider things like:
appropriate environment
oxygen as needed
appropriate fluids
appropriate drug therapy
dialysis if needed

Question 13

what is the difference between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease?

Answer 13

AKI = rapid decline over a couple of days
CKD = presence of damage to the kidney for 3+ months