neurodegenerative disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is autophagy?

A
  • cells that maintain function of neurones
  • eliminate waste
  • protect against variations on nutrient availability
  • recycles proteins through lysosomes
    (progressive)
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what happens if autophagy becomes disordered?

A
  • toxic substrates accumulate
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is oxidative stress?

A
  • arises from reactive oxygen species
  • can lead to oxidative damage within nerve cells
    (progressive)
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is apoptosis?

A

cells dying in orderly manner
(progressive)
(Sience/AAAS, 2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is necrosis?

A

overt damage to cell which triggers inflammatory response
(progressive)
(Sience/AAAS, 2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how does Parkinson’s happen?

A
  • loss of dopaminergic cells in sustain nigra
  • disordered function of basal ganglia
  • leads to reduction of neurotransmitters dopamine
  • unclear as of the mechanism but likely involve genetic and environmental events
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

symptoms of Parkinson’s

A
  • tremor
  • slowness of movements
  • rigidity
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does Huntingtons happen?

A
  • caused buy hereditary chorea (muscle spasm)
  • is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by expansion of an unstable trinucleotide repeat in chromosome 4
  • gene involved in production of toxic mutant Huntington protein
  • no cure
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is chorea?

A

irregular, flowing, non stereotypic, random, involuntary movements pf random muscle contraction
(Sience/AAAS, 2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does motoneuron disease happen?

A
  • rapid destruction of neurones
  • loss of fast fatiguable motor units
  • leads to progressive weakness of muscles, reducing activity and participation in life
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is prior disease?

A
  • misfiled proteins and can be transmitted to new hosts
  • induces misfolding in further cellular proteins which build up into fibrils within the cells
  • seeds misfolding in further cellular proteins which build up into fibrils within the cells further protein misfolding in further cells within nervous system
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is dementia?

A
  • affects primarily cells in cerebral cortex and reduces function
  • accumulation of toxic fragments
  • damages synapses
  • forms plaques
  • cell death
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of dementia

A
  • forgetfulness
  • language deterioration
  • mood changes
  • impaired judgement
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are four different types of dementia

A
  • alzheimers
  • vascular
  • Lewy body dementia
  • fronto temporal dementia
    (Sience/AAAS, 2019
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly