Kidney Failiure Flashcards
(5 cards)
Causes of kidney failure due to high blood pressure
1) proteins in urine- if bowman’s capsule is damaged can no longer act as a filtrate as
2) blood in urine- also shows bowman’s capsule is damaged
Effects of kidney failure on body
1) loss of electrolyte balance- body cannot excrete excess ions, causes osmotic imbalances in tissues and eventual death
2) build up of urea in blood- excess urea can poison
3) high blood pressure- kidneys play role in maintaining water balance if blood, if it fails blood pressure increases
4)weakened bones - calcium and phosphorus balance in blood is lost
5) anemia- involved in hormone that produces rbc, if kidney damaged cannot produce sufficient blood cels causing tiredness
6) pain and stiffness in joint as there’s abnormal build up of proteins in blood
Kidney failure from glomerular filtrate
1) measuring level of creatine in glomerular filtrate
2) if creatinine levels too high, could be a sign of kidney failure
How does haemodialysis work
1) uses a machine Carried out in hospital for a long amount of hours
2) blood leaves body from artery and into machine where it flows between partially permeable dialysis membrane which mimic the basement membrane of bowman’s capsule
3) on other side of membrane is dialysis fluid contains no urea but same amount of sugars and and minerals
4) blood and dialysis flow in opposite directions for countercurrent to maximise exchange
4) therefore urea moves out of blood down concentration gradient and so does excess salts.
5) no active transport, only relies on concentration gradients.
6) clean blood re enters
How does peritoneal dialysis work
1) done inside the body and doesn’t use machine
2) makes use of natural dialysis membrane from abdomen lining, peritoneum
3) dialysis fluid introduced into abdomen by catheter.
4) left for several hours so that urea can pass out of blood capillaries into tissue fluid and across peritoneal membrane into dialysis fluid
5) fluid is discarded and therefore leaving blood balanced
