Kidney Failure (ITA)

Question 1

Which regions cause acute kidney failure?

Answer 1

Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal

Question 2

List causes of pre-renal acute kidney failure

Answer 2

Haemorrhage
Hypovolaemia
Renal hypoperfusion
Hypertension
NSAIDs

Question 3

List causes of renal acute kidney failure

Answer 3

Acute tubular necrosis
Vasculitis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Rhabdomyolysis

Question 4

List cause of post-renal acute kidney failure

Answer 4

Obstruction of urinary tract
External compression
Tumour

Question 5

Why is ultrasound useful in acute kidney failure?

Answer 5

Check for obstruction

Check size of kidneys

Question 6

How is hyperkalaemia in acute kidney failure treated?

Answer 6

Calcium gluconate IV
Actrapid insulin with glucose IV
Salbutamol nebuliser
Haemodialysis

Question 7

Define chronic kidney disease by stages

Answer 7

Stage 1: normal-ish GFR (90) with damage
Stage 2: GFR 60-90 with damage
Stage 3: GFR 30-60
Stage 4: GFR 15-30
Stage 5: GFR less than 15