Urological Emergencies

Question 1

Acute urinary retention is an emergency. True/False?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

List some causes of acute urinary retention

Answer 2

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostatitis
Bladder overdistention

Question 3

How is acute urinary retention managed?

Answer 3

Catheterisation

Uroselective alpha-blocker (alfuzosin)

Question 4

What is the main urological cause of acute colicky loin pain?

Answer 4

Calculus - pain mediated by prostaglandins in ureter in response to obstruction

Question 5

How is acute ureteric colic managed?

Answer 5

NSAID with/without opiate
Alpha-blocker (alfuzosin)
If stone not passed in 1 month, surgery

Question 6

What investigations are done for frank haematuria?

Answer 6

CT urogram

Cystoscopy

Question 7

Irreversible ischaemic injury may occur in acute scrotum as early as 4hrs. True/False?

Answer 7

True

Need prompt intervention

Question 8

The cremasteric reflex is not present in either testicular torsion or epidydimitis. Which one?

Answer 8

Present in epidydimitis

Not present in testicular torsion

Question 9

What is paraphimosis?

Answer 9

Painful swelling of foreskin distal to a phimotic ring

Question 10

What is priapism?

Answer 10

Prolonged erection, usually longer than 4 hours

Question 11

If priapism is ischaemic, how is it treated?

Answer 11

Aspiration of blood

Injection of alpha-agonist (phenylephrine)

Question 12

What is Fournier’s gangrene?

Answer 12

Form of necrotising fasciitis in the male genital region