Kidney function Flashcards
(39 cards)
Two main parts of the kidney
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Parts of the nephron
Glomerulus
Tubules
Which is the functional part of the kidney?
The nephron
Acronym AEIOU
Acidosis Electrolytes Intoxication Overload Uremia
What is the glomerulus?
A ball of capillaries in a sac called Bowman’s Capsule.
Parts of the tubular system
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting tubule
Functions of the kidney in maintaining homeostasis
- Remove water and waste
- Maintain electrolyte balance
- Control BP
- Make hormones
- Maintain pH
Hormones/enzymes made by kidneys
- Erythropoietin
- Calcitriol
- Renin
What does erythropoietin do?
Tells bone marrow to make RBCs
What does calcitriol do?
Allow gut to absorb calcium from food
What does renin do?
Helps control BP
Seven major electrolytes
- Sodium
- Chloride
- Calcium
- Bicarb
- Magnesium
- Phosphate
- Potassium
Two ways kidneys control BP
- Retain or release water
2. Use renin to form angiotensin, which holds onto salt and water and constricts vessels
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis
- Weakness & fatigue
- Rapid breathing
- Racing heartbeat
- Headache
- Confusion
Types of kidney failure
- Acute Kidney Failure (AKI)
2. Chronic Kidney Disease
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Sudden severe loss of kidney function
Causes of AKI
- Dehydration
- Toxins
- Sepsis
Chronic Kidney Disease
How to slow progression of CKD
- Keep BG in target range
- Keep BP in target range
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Quit smoking
- Ask doctor for protecting kidneys from X Rays or CT scans
Causes of Kidney Failure
- Diabetes
- High BP
- Glomerular disease
Two main types of diabetes
Type 1
Type 2
Two types of high blood pressure
- Primary or essential hypertension
2. Secondary hypertension
Diseases of glomeruli
- Glomerulonephritis
2. Glomerulosclerosis
What is glomerulosclerosis?
Hardening of the glomeruli
