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kidney function test Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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2
Q

responsible for REABSORPTION of Na+, Cl-, HCO3, and other anions, glucose, amino acids and proteins, urea and uric acid

A

PROXIMAL CONVULATED TUBULE

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3
Q

how many liters of dilute uine delivered to ascending loop of henle

A

25 liters

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4
Q

FINAL SITE for either concentrating or diluting urina

A

collecting duct

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5
Q

FUNCTION of the kidneys

A
  1. Ellimination of waste products
  2. Maintenance of blood volume
  3. Maintenance of acid base balance
  4. Maintenance of electrolyte balance
  5. Endocrine function
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6
Q

Tests for GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE

A
  1. CLEARANCE
  2. CYSTATIN C
  3. BETA TRACE PROTEIN
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7
Q

BEST OVERALL INDICATOR OF KIDNEY FUNCTION

A

GFR

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8
Q

measure of the clearance of the normal molecule that is not bound to protein but freely filtered by the glomerulus neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubu;les

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

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9
Q

how many liters thus glomerular filtrate produced daily

A

150 liters

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10
Q

how many water thus glomerulus filtered daily

A

180 liters

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11
Q

alternatives to inulin clearance

A
  1. radioactive markers 125I- iothalamate and 99 mtc-DTPA
  2. iohexol and chromium51-labeled Edta (51Cr-EDTA)
  3. nonradiolabeled iothalamate
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12
Q

how many creatinine excreted per day?

A

1.2 - 1.5 g creatinine excreted/day

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13
Q

creatinine REFERENCE METHOD

A

INULIN CLEARANCE

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14
Q

NOT ROUTINELY DONE because of the necessity for continuous IV infusion and Timed urine collection over many hours

A

inulin clearance

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15
Q

excellent measure of renal function

A

creatine clearance

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16
Q

ESTIMATE the amount of plasma that must be flowed through the kidney glomeruli/minutes

A

creatinine clearance

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17
Q

measure completeness of 24 hour urine collection

A

CREATININE CLEARANCE

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18
Q

PROGRESS OF RENAL DISEASE OR RESPONSE TO THERAPY

A

UREA CLEARANCE

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19
Q

increase MORE rapidly than creatinine in the early stages of GFR impairement

A

cystatin c

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20
Q

to asses GFR among PEDIATRICS and ELDERLY patients and renal transplant patients

A

CYSTATIN C

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21
Q

low molecular weight glycoprotein

A

beta trace protein

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22
Q

low molecular weight protease inhibitor

A

cystatin c

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23
Q

function as PROSTAGLANDIN D SYNTHASE

A

BETA TRACE PROTEIN

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24
Q

increased:

a. Acute and chronic renal failure
b. diabetic nephropathy

A

cystatin c

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25
``` increased: a. burn b. pregnancy c, carbon monoxide poisoning d. high cardiac output ```
creatine clearance
26
increased: | renal disease
beta trace protein
27
test for RENAL BLOOD FLOW
1. BUN 2. CREATININE 3. BUA
28
FIRST METABOLITE TO ELEVATE IN kidney disease?
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
29
how many UREA excreted DAILY?
25g
30
BUN:Crea ratio
10:1 OR 20:1
31
It is added to ENHANCE THE COLOR DEVELOPMENT IN BUN???????
THIOSEMICARBAZIDE | FERRIC IONS
32
creatinine is derived from?
creatine (alpha methyl guanidoacetic acid)
33
NOT easily removed by the dialysis
creatinine
34
easily removed by the dialysis
bun
35
soley WASTE PRODUCT/ not reused in body metabolism
creatinine
36
what are the JAFFE REAGENT?
1. saturated picric acid | 2. 10% NaOH
37
SODIUM aluminum silicate? a. Lloyd's reagent b. Fuller's earth reagent
SODIUM aluminum silicate? | a. Lloyd's reagent
38
sensitive but NOT SPECIFIC in methods of creatinine? a. folin wu method b. llyod's or fuller method c. kinetic jaffe method
sensitive but NOT SPECIFIC in methods of creatinine? | a. folin wu method
39
methods form JANOVSKY like reaction? a. kinetic jaffe medthod b. direct jaffe method c. glutamate dehydrogenase method
methods form JANOVSKY like reaction? | a. kinetic jaffe medthod
40
``` potential to replace jaffe method? specific than jaffe method? a. idms b. creatinine aminohyrolase method/ CK method c. creatinase hydrogen peroxide method ```
potential to replace jaffe method? specific than jaffe method? c. creatinase hydrogen peroxide method
41
elevated concentrations of nitrogenous substances?
azotemia
42
causes: > acute/ chronic renal DISEASE >glomerulonephritis
renal azotemia
43
causes: >dehydration > congestive heart failure > shock
pre renal azotemia
44
responsible for the changes in RED CELL SHAPE WITH BURR CELLS(ECHNOCYTES) AND ELLIPSOIDAL CELLS
UREMIA
45
MARKED ELEVATION OF PLASMA UREA AND NITROGENOUS WASTE PRODUCT, ACIDEMIA AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
UREMIA
46
good indicator of nitrogen intake and state of hydration a. creatinine b. bua c. bun
good indicator of nitrogen intake and state of hydration c. bun
47
used to evaluate fetal kidney maturity? a. creatinine b. bun c. bua
used to evaluate fetal kidney maturity? | a. creatinine
48
(+) BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID? a. gout b. increased renal metabolism c. lesch nylan syndrome
(+) BIREFRINGENT CRYSTALS IN SYNOVIAL FLUID? | a. gout
49
how many URIC ACID excreted normally?
1 gram
50
major product or PURINE catabolism? a. bun b. creatinine c. bua
major product or PURINE catabolism? c. bua
51
hypouricemia, except? a. fanconi's syndrome b. lesch nylan syndrome c. hodgkin syndrome d. wilson's disease
hypouricemia, except? b. lesch nylan syndrome
52
specific method in bua?
uricase method
53
specimen for concentration test?
first morning urine
54
osmolality is determined by measuring the colligative property such as__________
freezing point vapor pressure osmotic pressure boiling point
55
is the difference between MEASURED and CALCULATED plasma osmolality?
osmolal gap
56
POPULAR METHOD in osmolality a. vapor pressure osmometry b. freezing point osmometry c. boiling point osmometry
POPULAR METHOD in osmolality b. freezing point osmometry
57
measures the RENAL PLASMA FLOW
para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)
58
measures excretion of the dye proportional to renal tubular mass
phenolsulfonthalein dye test
59
In this method it requires clearance of the dye a. phenolsulfonthalein dye test b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)
In this method it requires clearance of the dye b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test)
60
is the SIMPLEST TEST OF RENAL CONCENTRATING ABILITY? a. phenolsulfonthalein dye test b. para amino hippurate test (diodrast test) c. specific gravity d. osmolality
is the SIMPLEST TEST OF RENAL CONCENTRATING ABILITY? c. specific gravity

Clinical Chemistry (4 decks)

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