Kidney Path-Fung I Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the functions of the kidney?
Metabolism: Excretion of H2O, Na+, Ca2+, P Maintain acid-base balance Excretion of toxic metabolic waste products Endocrine: Secrete erythropoietin, prostaglandins Regulate vitamin D metabolism Regulate blood pressure: Secrete renin
How many lobes does the kidney have? where do they come together?
10-18, come together @ cortex; separated in the medulla
What is contained in the cortex & medulla?
cortex–nephrons
medulla-collecting tubules
WHat is found in the hilum of the kidney?
blood vessels
fatty tissue
Describe the blood supply of the kidney.
aorta–>renal artery–>interlobar artery–>arcuate artery–>interlobular artery (into the cortex)–>afferent arteriole–>glomerulus–>efferent arteriole–>peritubular network->interlobular vein
What other important vessel comes off of the arcuate artery?
vasa recta, dip down & surround the tubules in the medulla. participates in the countercurrent multiplier system that concentrates urine.
Where does the urine go?
CT–>duct of belleni–>renal calyx/pelvis
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WHat does diffuse glomerular injury mean?
involving all glomeruli
What does focal glomerular injury mean?
involving a proportion of the glomeruli
What does global glomerular injury mean?
involving the entire glomerulus
What does segmental glomerular injury mean?
affecting a part of the glomerulus
Describe the structure of the Bowman’s capsule?
visceral epithelium surrounding glomerulus is flattened & continuous w/ the parietal cuboidal epithelium.
Space b/w visceral & parietal is Bowman’s space.
What is another name for the visceral epithelium of the Bowman’s Capsule?
podocytes
Describe the filtration barrier for the glomerulus.
Capillary endothelium (fenestrated) Basement membrane: Lamina interna Lamina densa (neg. charge) Lamina externa Visceral epithelium = podocytes, have primary & secondary (foot) processes w/ filtration slits b/w them.
What does the mesangium do?
this is the connecting tissue w/i the glomerulus, connecting the capillaries.
has functions: phagocytosis, secretion of vasoactive things, laying down matrix similar to the basement membrane.
What is supposed to go thru the filtration slits?
water, not proteins.
What are the 3 layers of the glomerular basement membrane? Which things compose it?
lamina interna, densa, externa Type IV collagen Laminin Heparan sulfate Fibronectin Entactin Glycoproteins
When the glomerulus is injured, what are the 4 possible adaptive mechanisms?
Hypercellularity
Basement membrane thickening
Hyalinosis
Sclerosis
When you see hypercellularity following glomerular injury….what has proliferated?
mesangial cells
endothelial cells
leukocytes have also infiltrated
Where do you see deposits in IgA nephropathy?
deposits in the mesangium
What are the 3 forms of immune related glomerular injury?
- in situ-Heymann
- in situ–Anti-GBM
- circulating
Describe in situ Heymann glomerular injury.
antigen-antibody complexes form on the subepithelial side. Granular pattern produced on immunofluorescence. See subepithelial immune complexes on electromicrograph.
