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Patterns of Disharmony > Kidney Patterns > Flashcards

Kidney Patterns Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the Kidneys

A

Store the Essense (Jing)

Govern birth, growth, reproduction and development

Produce Marrow - fill up the brain and control bones

Govern Water

Control the reception of Qi

Open into the ears

Manifests in the hair

Controls spittle

Controls the two lower orifices

Houses the Will power (Zhi)

Controls the Gate of Life (Minister Fire, Ming Men)

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2
Q

Kidney patterns - general

A

All chronic Kidney patterns are either deficient or mixed excess/deficient with the exception of acute Damp-Heat affecting the Bladder and Kidneys.

Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Yang have the same root. A deficiency in one implies a deficiency to some extent in the other. However, the deficiency will always be primarily either Yin or Yang

The Kidneys are nearly always affected in Chronic diseases.

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3
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Clinical manifestations

A

Lower backache

Dizziness

Tinnitus

Cold and weak knees

Sensation of cold in the lower back

feeling cold

weak legs

bright-white complexion

tiredness, lassitude

abundant clear urination

urinates at night

Apathy

Oedema of the legs

Infertility in women

loose stools

Depression

Impotence

Premature ejaculation

Low sperm count

Decreased libido

Tongue: Pale and Wet

Pulse: Proximal positions: Deeper or Deep (possibly more on the right) Feeble/Absent, Reduced Substance

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4
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Aetiology

A

Chronic illness - especially one manifesting with Spleen-Yang deficiency can cause Kidney-Yang deficiency.

Excessive sexual activity - in particular, if exposed to cold immediately after intercourse. In women too early sexual activity during puberty may weaken Kidney-Yang

Excessive physical work or exercise

Diet - Excessive consumption of cold and raw foods may weaken Spleen and Kidney-Yang

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5
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Pulse

A

Pulse: Proximal positions: Deeper or Deep (possibly more on the right) Feeble/Absent, Reduced Substance

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6
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Tongue

A

Pale and Wet

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7
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Pathology

A

Interior cold symptoms - classic Yang deficiency, the Fire of the Gate of Life (Ming-Men) fails to warm the body.

Soreness of the back and weakness of the legs and knees - not enough Kidney-Qi to give strength to the bones and back.

Impotence, premature ejaculation, low sperm count, cold and thin sperm, infertility, lack of libido

Abundant and clear urination - failure to transform fluids.

Oedema of the legs - fluids accumulating under the skin.

Wet tongue - fluids accumulating on the tongue

Tiredness, lassitude, pale tongue - Kidney-Yang failing to nourish Spleen, the muscles lack nourishment.

Tinnitus and dizziness - KIdney-Yang not brightening the ears and brain.

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8
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Precursors

A

Spleen-Yang deficiency - most common precursor.

Dampness - over a long period of time will affect the Kidneys by obstructing the movement of fluids leading to deficiency of Kidney-Yang

Kidney-Yin deficiency - both Yin and Yang will be deficient.

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9
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Developments

A

Spleen-Yang deficiency

Stomach-Yang deficiency

Lung-Yang deficiency

Heart-Yang deficiency

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10
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Treatment principle

A

Tonify and warm the Kidneys

Strengthen the Fire of the Gate of Life.

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11
Q

Kidney-Yang deficiency - Acupuncture

A

BL23 - Tonifies KIdney-Yang

DU4 - Strengthens the FIre at the Gate of Life

REN4 (with moxa) tonifies Kidney-Yang and the original Qi.

REN6 (with moxa) tonifies Kidney-Yang

KID3 - Tonifies the KIdneys

KID7 - is specific to tonify Kidney-Yang

BL52 - Tonifies the Kidneys and in particular their mental aspect, the willpower

Jinggong - tonifies Kidney-Yang and warms the essence

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12
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Clinical Manifestations

A

Dizziness

Tinnitus

Vertigo

Poor Memory

Hardness of hearing

*Night sweating

Dry mouth and throat in the night

*lower backache

Ache in bones

Nocturnal emissions

Constipation

Dark scanty urine

Infertility

Premature ejaculation

Tiredness

Lassitude

Depression

Slight anxiety

Tongue: Normal coloured without coating

Pulse - Proximal positions: Tight (more so on Left) possibly Thin, Reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards Empty)

Empty-Heat: - Five-palm Heat, Malar Flush, Heat in the evening, Menopausal hot flushes, thirst with desire to drink in small sips, pronounced anxiety in the evening, nocturnal emissions with dreams.

Tongue: Red without coating: in severe cases also cracked.

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13
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Pulse

A

Pulse - Proximal positions: Tight (more so on Left) possibly Thin, Reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards Empty)

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14
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Tongue

A

Normal coloured without coating

Empty Heat: Red without coating: in severe cases also cracked.

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15
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Aetiology

A

Overwork - over a period of several years

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16
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Pathology

A

Excessive sexual activity - depletes Kidney-Essence and Kidney-Yin

Loss of body fluids - Consumed by Heat after a febrile disease, may lead to Kidney-Yin deficiency.

Loss of blood - Menorrhagia can cause deficiency of Liver-Blood which can turn to deficiency of Kidney-Yin (the Liver and the Kidney share the same root).

Chronic illness - A long chronic illness usually transmitted from the Liver, Heart or Lungs may lead to Kidney-Yin deficiency.

Overdosage of Chinese herbs - overdose of herbs to strengthen Kidney-Yang, or herbs to Strengthen Kidney-Yang administered when Kidney-Yin needs strengthening leads to Kidney-Yin deficiency.

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17
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Pathology

A

Deficiency of Yin and also Kidney-Essence as Essence is part of Kidney-Yin

Dizziness, Tinnitus, Vertigo, Poor memory - Failure to produce a marrow to fill the brain.

Dry mouth at night, constipation, scanty dark urine - A lack of Body-Fluids.

Night sweating - deficient Yin failing to hold defensive (wei) Qi in the body at night (defensive Qi retires to the body at night).

Nocturnal emissions - deficiency of Essence

Sore back, ache in the bones - failure of Kidney-Essence in nourishing bones.

Depression - deficiency in willpower

Anxiety - rising of Empty-Heat

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18
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Precursors

A

Kidney-Yang deficiency (may evolve from Kidney-Yang deficiency, in which case both Yin and Yang will be deficient with a predominance of Yin deficiency).

Liver-Yin deficiency - Share a common root

Liver-Blood deficiency

Heart-Yin deficiency

Lung-Yin deficiency

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19
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Developments

A

Liver-Yin deficiency - Share a common root

Heart-Yin deficiency

Lung-Yin deficiency

Stomach-Yin deficiency

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20
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Treatment Principle

A

Nourish Kidney-Yin

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21
Q

Kidney-Yin deficiency - Acupuncture

A

REN4 - Tonifies Kidney-Yin and Kidney-Essence (with moxa it can tonify Kidney-Yang)

KID3 - Tonifies the Kidneys

KID6 - is specific to tonify Kidney-Yin and it benefits the throat (dry mouth or throat at night)

KID10 - specific to tonify Kidney-Yin

KID9 - Tonifies Kidney-Yin, particularly useful in case of anxiety and emotional tension of Kidney origin

SP6 - Tonifies Liver and Kidney-Yin and calms the Mind

REN7 - Nourishes Yin

LU7 and KID6 - in combination open the Directing vessel (Ren Mai) and nourish Kidney Yin

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22
Q

Kidney-Essence deficiency - Clinical manifestations

A

In children:
*Poor bone development

Late closure of fontanelle

Deafness

Mental dullness or retardation

In adults:
Softening of bones

*weakness of knees and legs

Poor memory

Loose teeth

*falling hair or premature greying of hair

*weakness of sexual activity

lower backache

infertility

sterility

Primary amenorrhea

Dizziness

Tinnitus

Deafness

Blurred vision

Absentmindedness

Decreased mental sharpness

Tongue:
Kidney-Yin deficiency: without coating
Kidney-Yang deficiency: Pale

Pulse:
Both Proximal positions possibly Feeble/Absent (esp. in younger person).
Kidney-Yin deficiency: Tight (more so on Left) possibly thin, reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards empty) LPP: Tight-Wiry
Kidney-Yang deficiency: Deeper or Deep (more so on Right) Feeble/Absent, Reduced substance.

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23
Q

Kidney-Essence deficiency - Pulse

A

Both Proximal positions possibly Feeble/Absent (esp. in younger person).

Kidney-Yin deficiency: Tight (more so on Left) possibly thin, reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards empty) LPP: Tight-Wiry

Kidney-Yang deficiency: Deeper or Deep (more so on Right) Feeble/Absent, Reduced substance.

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24
Q

Kidney-Essence deficiency - Tongue

A

Kidney-Yin deficiency: without coating

Kidney-Yang deficiency: Pale

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25
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Aetiology
Hereditary weakness - Parents being too old or in poor health at the time of conception Excessive sexual activity Loss of Blood - heavy periods over many years Childbirth - Too many children close together
26
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Pathology
More commonly occurs against a background of Kidney-Yin deficiency (Essence is a Yin substance). However, can occur with a background of Kidney-Yang deficiency. Growth, reproduction and bones - deficiency of essence. Poor bone development, failure of closure of the fontanelle, softening of bones, weakness of legs and knees, looseness of teeth - failure to generate marrow and nourish the bones. Poor memory, mental dullness or retardation - not enough marrow generated to fill the brain Hair falling out, premature greying of hair - Kidney-essence dominates the growth of head hair. Weakness of sexual activity - Kidney-Essence is the material basis for healthy sexual function.
27
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Precursors
Kidney-Yin deficiency Kidney-Yang deficiency
28
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Developments
Kidney-Yin deficiency Kidney-Yang deficiency Liver-Blood deficiency - in women (Essence plays a role in making Blood)
29
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Treatment principle
Nourish the Essence Tonify the Kidneys
30
Kidney-Essence deficiency - Acupuncture
KID3 - Tonify the Kidneys KID6 - Tonify Kidney-Yin REN4, KID13 - Tonify the Essence BL23 - Tonify the Kidneys DU4 - Tonifys the Yang aspect of the Essence (used if a background of Kidney-Yang deficiency) GB39 - Tonifys the Bone Marrow DU20 - Stimulates the Marrow to fill the brain BL15 Tonifes the Heart to House the Shen, hence it tonifies the brain. BL11 - tonifies the bones DU17, DU16 are points of the sea of Marrow and therefore stimulate the nourishment of the Brain by Marrow.
31
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing
*Malar Flush Mental restlessness Insomnia Night sweating Low grade Fever Afternoon Fever Five-palm Heat *Feeling of Heat in the afternoon/evening Scanty dark urine Blood in the urine Dry throat especially at night Thirst with desire to drink in small sips *Dizziness *Tinnitus Hardness of hearing Lower back aches nocturnal emissions with dreams Excessive sexual desire Dry stools Tongue: Red, cracked with a red tip, without coating Pulse: EP: Hesitant Wave Proximal positions - Tight-Wiry (more so on the Left) possibly Thin, Reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards Empty). LDP: Tight, possibly Thin
32
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Pulse
Pulse: EP: Hesitant Wave Proximal positions - Tight-Wiry (more so on the Left) possibly Thin, Reduced Substance or Separating at Organ Depth (moving towards Empty). LDP: Tight, possibly Thin
33
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Tongue
Tongue: Red, cracked with a red tip, without coating
34
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Aetiolgy
The same as for Kidney-Yin deficiency with the addition of emotional problems such as chronic anxiety and worry.
35
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Pathology
Advanced stage of Kidney-Yin deficiency which has given rise to Empty-Heat Combined Deficiency/Excess pattern Most symptoms are caused by the Flaring of Empty-Heat and the Dryness of Yin deficiency. Insomnia and mental restlessness - Empty-Heat can ascend to disturb the Heart and therefore the Shen (Heart feels vexed) Red tongue: Empty-Heat Without coating/cracks - Yin deficiency
36
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Precursors
Always derives from Kidney-YIn deficiency
37
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Developments
None - is an end-result pattern If Empty-Heat is pronounced it leads to bleeding
38
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Treatment principle
Nourish Kidney-Yin Clear Empty-Heat Calm the Shen
39
Kidney-Yin deficiency, Empty-Heat Blazing - Acupuncture
KID3 - Tonifies the Kidney KID6, KID10 - Nourish Kidney-Yin KID9 - Tonifies Kidney-Yin and calms the Shen REN4 - Nourishes Kidney-Yin and calms the Shen KID2 - Clears Empty-Heat from the Kidneys SP6 - Nourishes Kidney-Yin and calms the Shen HE5, LU7 - conduct Heat downwards away from the head where it disturbs the Mind LU10 - Clears Lung-Heat and is used if there are symptoms of Heat in the Lungs (dry cough, bloody sputum). Also conducts Heat down away from the Head. HE6 - Clears Empty-Heat and calms the Mind DU24 - Calms the Mind LI11 - Clears Heat
40
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Clinical Manifestations
*Palpitations Mental restlessness Insomnia Dream-disturbed sleep Anxiety Poor memory *Dizziness *Tinnitus Hardness of hearing Lower backache Nocturnal emissions with dreams A feeling of heat in the evening Dry throat at night Thirst with desire to drink in small sips *Night sweating Five-palm Heat Scanty dark urine Dry stools *Tongue: Red with redder tip without coating, midline Heart crack Pulse:
41
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Tongue
Tongue: Red with redder tip without coating, midline Heart crack
42
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Aetiology
The same as for Kidney-Yin deficiency with the added component of emotional problems such as anxiety, sadness and depression. Emotional shocks and the sadness from break-up of relationships are a common cause of Heart-Yin deficiency.
43
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Pathology
Basically characterised by Kidney-Yin deficiency failing to nourish Heart-Yin. Mental restlessness, insomnia, palpitations and a red tip of tongue. Empty-Heat flares within the Heart - Kidney-Yin deficiency failing to nourish Heart-Yin. Poor memory, Dizziness, tinnitus and deafness - Kidney-Yin deficiency failing to nourish the brain and open into the ear.
44
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Precursors
Kidney-Yin deficiency - usually develops from this Heart-Yin deficiency - if chronic
45
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Developments
Bleeding - The flaring of Empty-Heat may heat the Blood.
46
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Treatment Principles
Nourish Kidney and Heart-Yin Clear Heart Empty-Heat Calm the Mind
47
Kidney and Heart Yin deficiency (Kidney and Heart not harmonised - Acupuncture
HE7 - Calms the Shen HE6 - Clears Empty-Heat and nourishes Heart-Yin (it is specific to night sweating combined with KID7) HE5 - Clears Heart Empty-Heat and conducts Heat downwards away from the head. Yintang - Calms the Mind BL15 - Clears Heart-Heat REN15 - Calms the Mind and nourishes Heart-Yin DU24 - Calms the Mind KID3, KID9, KID10 - Tonify Kidney-Yin. KID9 in particular, calms the Mind KID6 - Nourishes Kidney-Yin
48
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Clinical Manifestations
Uncomfortable feeling in the epigastrium No appetite Lack of taste sensation Loose stools *Tiredness (especially in the morning) weak limbs Tongue: Pale Pulse: RMP: Qi-depth and/or Blood depth Diminished, Yeilding or Absent, Blood Spreading or Absent or Reduced Substance, and amplitude
49
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Pulse
Pulse: RMP: Qi-depth and/or Blood depth Diminished, Yeilding or Absent, Blood Spreading or Absent or Reduced Substance, and amplitude
50
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Tongue
Pale
51
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Aetiology
Diet - A diet lacking Nourishment and Protein, undereating 'dieting', irregular eating habits. Chronic illness
52
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Pathology
The stomach is the Root of Post-Heaven-Qi and the beginning stage of the production of Qi from food. If the stomach is weak Qi will be deficient and all other organs will suffer. Tiredness worse in mornings - Stomach most active between 7-9am Uncomfortable feeling in the epigastrum - deficient Stomach-Qi failing to ascend (pain would be an excess) Lack of appetite, loose stools, lack of taste, pale tongue—When stomach-Qi is deficient, spleen-Qi is often also deficient, as the Stomach and Spleen are so closely interrelated. Weakness in the limbs - weak Stomach-Qi failing to transport food essences to the limbs.
53
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Precursors
Spleen-Qi deficiency
54
Stomach-Qi Deficiency - Developments
Stomach-Qi deficiency is usually the beginning stage of a pathological process possibly leading to: Stomach-Yin deficiency Stomach-Qi stagnation (and later Blood stasis) Phlegm - The impairment of the descending of Stomach-Qi
55
Stomach-Qi Deficiency
Tonify Stomach-Qi
56
Stomach-Qi Deficiency
ST36- Main point to tonify Stomach-Qi (using moxa on the needle is especially effective) REN12 - Tonifies Stomach and Spleen-Qi BL21 - Tonifies Stomach-Qi, it is an important point in extreme tiredness. Moxa is also applicable REN6 - Tonifies Qi in general, and is indicated for chronic cases of Stomach-Qi deficiency, especially with loose stools.
57
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Clinical Manifestations
*Burning epigastric pain *Intense thirst with desire to drink cold liquids Mental restlessness Dry stools Dry mouth Mouth ulcers Sour regurgitation Nausea Vomiting soon after eating Excessive hunger Foul breath A feeling of Heat *Tongue: Red in the centre with a dry yellow or dark yellow coating Pulse: EP: Robust pounding, Tense perhaps faster (with Phlegm slippery) RMP: All depths - Robust pounding and Tense With pain: possibly Tight, esp. at Qi Depth (with Phlegm Slippery)
58
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Aetiology
Diet - Hot foods (meat, spices, alcohol), tobacco, hot-greasy foods (deep fried foods) Emotional strain - Anger, frustration, resentment lead to stagnation of Stomach-Qi which in turn may lead to Stomach-Heat
59
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Pathology
Interior-Full-Heat Intense thirst, constipation, dry tongue - Heat burns the fluids Bleeding and swelling of the gums - Heat rising in the Stomach channel Sour regurgitation, nausea, vomiting - Full-Heat obstructs the Stomach and interferes with the descending of Stomach-Qi Oppression in the epigastrium and chest - Pleghm-Heat is more obstructive Manic depression - Phlegm and Heat in the Stomach affecting the Mind
60
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Precursors
Stomach-Qi Stagnation
61
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Developments
Stomach-Yin deficiency - Heat dries up the Fluids Stomach-Blood stasis - Heat condenses the Blood
62
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Treatment Principle
Clear Stomach-Heat Stimulate the descending of Stomach-Qi
63
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - Acupuncture
ST44 - Clears Stomach-Heat ST34 - Is the accumulation point of the Stomach and is used in Full conditions. It also stops bleeding (bleeding gums) ST21 - Clears stomach-Heat and stimulates the descending of Stomach-Qi REN13 - subdues rebellious Stomach-Qi LI11 - Clears Heat in general LI4 - Clears Stomach-Heat REN11 - Clears StomachHeat SP15 - Stimulates the bowel movement and is used if there is constipation.
64
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire - pulse
Pulse: EP: Robust pounding, Tense perhaps faster (with Phlegm slippery) RMP: All depths - Robust pounding and Tense With pain: possibly Tight, esp. at Qi Depth (with Phlegm Slippery)
65
Stomach-Fire/Stomach-Phlegm-Fire
Tongue: Red in the centre with a dry yellow or dark yellow coating
66
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Clinical Manifestations
*Nausea Difficulty in swallowing *Belching Vomiting Hiccups Tongue: no changes
67
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Aetiology
Diet - Eating in a hurry, working whilst eating, eating in a state of tension or while upset, eating standing up Emotional strain - Anger, frustration and resentment (the same emotions that affect the Liver. MOre likely to affect the stomach when the person has irregular eating habits.
68
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Pathology
Often accompanies other patterns: Stomach-Fire, Stomach-Qi stagnation, or Cold invading the Stomach All symptoms are caused by the failure of Qi Stomach-Qi to descend and rebelling upwards instead.
69
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Precursors
Practically any stomach pattern could be a precursor to this pattern Liver-Qi rebelling upwards
70
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Developments
Rebellious Qi in the penetrating Vessel (Chong Mai)
71
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Treatment principle
Subdue Rebellious Qi Stimulate the descending of Stomach-Qi
72
Stomach-Qi rebelling upwards - Acupuncture
REN13 - Subdues rebellious Stomach-Qi REN10 - Stimulates the descending of Stomach-Qi P6 and SP4 - stimulate the descending of Stomach -Qi ST21 and ST19 - stimulate the descending of Stomach -Qi

Patterns of Disharmony (6 decks)

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