Kidney problems

Question 1

Ax chronic kidney disease?

Answer 1

eGFR 60/ml/min/1.73m for 3+ months
Diabetic nephropathy
Hypertension, Renal Vascular disease

Question 2

Symptoms of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 2

Poor appetite, weight loss, oligo/anuria

Question 3

Staging of chronic kidney disease?

Answer 3

1=90+
2=60-90
3=30-60
4=15-30
5=<15

Question 4

How to treat chronic kidney disease based on the stage?

Answer 4

1-Annual obs, BP control
2+3-Control BP, monitor, investigate
4-Manage complications, plan stage 5
5-Renal replacement therapy, conservative measures

Question 5

Ax polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 5

Mutated polycystin gene, autosomal dominant

Question 6

Symptoms polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 6

Acute Loin pain
Haematuria
SAH due to associated berry aneurysm rupture
Heaptic cysts
Uraemia, anaemia

Question 7

Investigations of polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 7

Irregular kidneys
Hepatomegaly
USS (high false positive rate)

Question 8

Management of polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 8

Vasopressin antagonists (reduce cyst formation by reducing cAMP formation in renal cells which proliferate the mutation)