Paediatric respiratory Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the symptoms of CF?
Frequent chest infections (pseudomonas aeruginosa) Bronchiectasis Steatorrhea Meconium ileus Pancreatic damage Vas deferens/ovidcut failure to develop Harrisons sulci
How would you investigate suspected CF?
Family Hx
Heel prick
USS for meconium ileus
Sweat test for high Na+ content
What would a USS that showed meconium ileus look like?
Echobright bowels
Which conditions does the heel prick test for?
CF, sickle cell, hypothyroidism, PKU + 5 other metabolic diseases
How would CF be treated?
Tazocin (Piperacillin+Tazobactam)
Ciprofloxacin (pseudomonas prophylaxis)
What potential complication can occur in CF?
Burkholderia Cepacia-sputum infection
What are the common infecting organisms that cause pneumonia in neonates?
Strep B
What are the common infecting organisms that cause pneumonia in infants?
RSV/Strep pneumoniae
What are the common infecting organisms that cause pneumonia in children?
Mycobacterium pneumoniae
Symptoms of pneumonia?
Fever, rigors, productive cough, coloured phlegm
How would you investigate pneumonia?
Bloods
CXR
Sputum sample
How would you treat pneumonia
Neonate- Tazobactam and amoxicillin
Infant - Supportive care
Child - Amoxicillin
What is the aetiology of croup?
Parainfluenza virus infects the larynx, trachea and bronchioles
What are the symptoms of croup?
Seal barking cough, stridor, hoarse voice, cough worse at night, fever
What mechanism causes a seal barking cough?
Narrowing of bronchioles which causes sharp exhalation and a lower pitched sound
How would you investigate suspected croup?
Westley score
Management of croup?
Oral dexamethasone and adrenaline
What is the pathology of pertussis?
Bordetella pertussis infects ciliated epithelial cells which become paralysed due to toxin released which reduces secretion clearance
Symptoms of pertussis?
Episodic coughing fit, epistaxis, subconjunctival haemorrhage
What investigations would you perform on suspected pertussis?
Nasal swab
Blood film-lymphocytosis
Management of pertussis?
Azithromycin
Complications of pertussis?
Pneumonia, convulsions, bronchiectasis
What are the symptoms of epiglottitis?
Very high fever
Shallow breathing with head held forward
Drooling
What are the investigations of suspected epiglottitis?
DO NOT EXAMINE THROAT-ask anaesthetist to help first
Throat swabs
