kidneys

Question 1

what makes up a nephron

Answer 1

-glomerulus
-bowmans capsule
-proximal convoluted tubule
-loop of henle
-distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct

Question 2

where does ultrafiltration occur

Answer 2

bowmans capsule/glomerulus

Question 3

describe how ultrafiltration occurs

Answer 3

-high hydrostatic pressure
-forces small molecules out such as glucose, water, amino acids
-through small gaps in endothelium cells
-and through capillary basement membrane
-forms glomerular filtrate

Question 4

name one component of the blood that is not present in the filtrate

Answer 4

large proteins/blood cells

Question 5

describe briefly what happens in the pct

Answer 5

glomerulus filtrate is reabsorbed.
-sodium ions is actively transported using atp from mitochondria
-sodium ions are cotransported with glucose
-glucose moves in by facilitated diffusion and active transport
-water moves in by osmosis

Question 6

explain how the pct is adapted for absorption

Answer 6

-many mitochondria for atp for energy for active transport
-many microvilli to provide a large surface area
-many carrier protiens for active transport

Question 7

apart from water and glucose, name two substances present in the golmerular filtrate

Answer 7

amino acids/ urea/fatty acids

Question 8

The glomerular filtration rate is the total volume of filtrate formed per minute. Explain the effect on the glomerular filtration rate of a large loss of blood from the body.

Answer 8

lower blood presssure so less filtrate produced