kidneys

Question 1

nephrotic

Answer 1

massive protein loss + selective loss of 3.5 g or more every day

Oedema diff between kids and adults
hypoalbuminaemia
hyperlipidaemia
frothy urine

Question 2

nephritic

Answer 2

Mild protein loss non-selective
hematuria- macro or micro - main distinguishing factor from nephrotic
hypertension
oliguria

Question 3

whats the mechanism of edema in nephrtoic

Answer 3

low oncotic pressure

Question 4

what is the main factor determining non selctive and selctive protein loss in the 2 syndromes

Answer 4

the time

in nephritic syndrome : the much larger molecules being filtered out start to clog the tubule downstream, and this obstruction causes a back log of pressure which lead back up to the glomeruli and makes them non functional

nephrotic:
the affected glomeruli are functioning for longer period of time

Question 5

which kidney sydnrome has hypertensiosn and why

Answer 5

nephritic because of the reduced glomerular filtrates and rate (oligouria) due to non functional nephrons

Question 6

what is the edemia in nephritic due to

Answer 6

increased HP

Question 7

DIURESIS

Answer 7

normouria- 500-2000ml
oligo- 100/150-500ml
anuria- less than that

Question 8

stages of acute renal failure

Answer 8

1. main disease
2. oligouria
3. poly
4. recovery

Question 9

most characteristic sign of acute renal failure

Answer 9

oligouria

Question 10

types of acute renal failure

Answer 10

pre- artheroscleorosis, stonosis, sudden drop in bP
renal
post

Question 11

main charcteristic feature of acute renal

Answer 11

oligouria

Question 12

can nephrons be recovered from damage

Answer 12

no you cant form new nephrons

Question 13

centralization of shock

Answer 13

brain h
heart
kidneys

Question 14

proteins in urine measurement and values

Answer 14

g/24 h
less than 100mg is not proteinuria 
100-500mg/so 0.1-0.5 mild
0.5-3.5 moderate 
above - severe
more than 10g - MASSIVE

Question 15

qualititve and quanitive indicators of proteinuria

Answer 15

quant- grams

qual - is it selective or non selective

Question 16

which protein is involved in selctive and why?

Answer 16

albumin and due to its smaller size ?

Question 17

how would you define acute kidney failure

Answer 17

decrease in GFR

Question 18

VASORECTA

Answer 18

the extension of the efferent arteriole the remaining blood that has not been filtered so it traveles around the nephron and is involved in reabsorption and secretion

Question 19

whats one of the most common causes for acute glomerulonephritisi

Answer 19

sle

Question 20

2 main causes of a decrease in GFR

Answer 20

vasuclar changes

uring backflow due to an obstructure so the pressure eventually equalisies

Question 21

renal syndromes

Answer 21

hypocalcemia
electrolyte imbalance - k
increase in toxic subsatnces 
metabolic acidosis 
edema 
hypertension

Question 22

whats more dangerous nephrotic or nephritic

Answer 22

nephritc is more dangerous but less common

Question 23

whats asterixis linked to

Answer 23

kindey and liver disease

Question 24

visabale signs on someones skin that they they have kidney issues

Answer 24

uremic frost
urochrome-yellowish hint
xerosis-dry skin due to atrophy of sweat glands
pale-anemia

Question 25

the role between acute renal failure and ions

Answer 25

hyper everythign!!!!

Question 26

whats the link between nephrotic syndome and coagulation problems

Answer 26

these people pee out antithrombin which STOPS THROMBIN WHICH FORMS CLOTS therfore less antithrombin means more thrombin means more clots

Question 27

Division of glomerular nephritis

Answer 27

non Proliferative no proliferation of cells found in the interstitium typical for nephrotic syndrome and proliferative cells found typical for nephritic -more severe

Question 28

characteristics of chronic kidney

Answer 28

poluria | isothenuria (specific gravity