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anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reference range of haemoglobin for males?

women :

A

140-180 g/l

120-150

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2
Q

minkovski chauffard

A

altered membrane
spectrin and anchoryn
more spherical

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3
Q

normocytic

A

sickcle cell

aplastic

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4
Q

microcytic

A

iron deficiency
chronic bleeding
pregnancy

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5
Q

fetal hb vs normal

A

fetal has a higher affinity for o2

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6
Q

link between TIBC and iron

A

low levels of iron increase tibc as body tries to compensate for lack of iron by increasing transferrin

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7
Q

addison - bermer anemia

A

or pernicious anemai a type of megoblastic anemia

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8
Q

megobalstic anmeia signs

A

hunters glossitis

demyleination of b12

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9
Q

iron deficieny anemia symptoms

A 
heart palpiatations 
brittle nails 
tired 
pale skin 
restless leg syndrome
PICA
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10
Q

POIKOLCYOTISI

A

shape (sickle cell)

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11
Q

Anisocytosis

A

different sizes

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12
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

small bodies of DNA

usually occur when the spleen is not workin (aspelinism)

find them in megoblastic anemias
find them in SEVERE hemoluytic anemia - sickle cells

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13
Q

tx for heridtary

A

folic acid supplementation (mild)

blood transfusions for anemia

and if severe splenctomy before the age of 5 is curative

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14
Q

whats the genetic pattern of minkowski

A

Autoosmal dominant

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15
Q

why do kids need to take folic acid for heridery spherocytosis

A

because active hemolysis consumes folate so can lead to megaloblastic

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16
Q

which types of anemias are an exmaple of megalobalstic

A
  1. pernicious
  2. too little folate in diet
  3. hemolytic anemias !
  4. chronic alcoholics
  5. meds like mehotreaxts (which is why you have to take folic acid with it )
  6. diseases that ffect abosrption like celiac dsiease
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17
Q

what is the pronlem with bigger RBC

A

they more fragile -
change of shape

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18
Q

whats coombs test fro

A

to test wheter its autoimmune anemia or not

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19
Q

what does the coombs test entail

A

The Coombs test uses antibodies against these autoantibodies to cross link and agglutinate the red cells

20
Q

types of coombs + anemias

21
Q

what is warm AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG G
SPLEEN - extravascular
more common than cold
female predilection

Idiopathic
Lymphoproliferative neoplasms (CLL and lymphoma)
Drugs including methyldopa
SLE

22
Q

cold AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG M
INTRAVSCULAR
MORE SEVER

Idiopathic
Post-infectious haemolytic anaemias: occurring 2-3 weeks after infection (examples include EBV and mycoplasma)

23
Q

cold AIHA

CAUSES

A

IG M
INTRAVSCULAR
MORE SEVER

Idiopathic
Post-infectious haemolytic anaemias: occurring 2-3 weeks after infection (examples include EBV and mycoplasma)

24
Q

TX OF COLD

A

warm the patient

plasmapheresis

25
tx of warm
CS if doesnt work splenectomy
26
warm diagnosis
will see spherocytes
27
cold diagnosis
agglutinATION rouleaux formation
28
whats the cause of paroxsymasl...
it affects the hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow the PIGA gene certain proteins which protect (piga ptotein) rbc from attack are gone to complement comes into play
29
whats important to remember about paroxysmal
ITS ACQUIRED AND COOMBS -
30
pathophys of PNH
PIGA gene has mutated which is the what the compelment use to recognise cell as self because its faulty complement now attacs rbc - hemolysis it varies due to the amount of stem cells that have the muatation if only a little calm, if loads CRISIS
31
RSK FACTOR FOR PNH
aplastic anemia and other bone marrow diseases
32
symptoms of pnh
hemolytic anemai blood clots increased risk due to so much complement activation and dodgey plt cramps pancotopenia hb in pee - early in the morning as the days go on in clears up
33
what kind of anemia is pnh
normochromic normoctic and intravscuar
34
what kind of anemia is pnh
normochromic normoctic and intravscuar
35
what's the risk of pnh
it can transfomr to other disorders like leukemia, apalatic anemia( so both ways ) myelodysplasia
36
key diagnois of pnh
flow cytometery cd 59 +cd55
37
tx for pnh
definiive - allogenic eculizamab
38
coombs negative examples of hemolytic anemias
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria Physical lysis of red cells e.g. malaria Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (E. coli 0157:H7) Infectious causes DIC (such as fulminant meningococcemia)
39
What are the acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia? Autoimmune Drug induced Microangiopathic Infection
Autoimmune Drug induced Microangiopathic Infection
40
triggers for G6PD
antimalarial drugs stress illness fava beans HENNA
41
which is the most common type of AIHA
WARM
42
WHAT TYPE OF ANMEIA IS AIHA
NORMOCYTIC
43
WHAT TYPE OF ANMEIA IS AIHA
NORMOCYTIC
44
IN WHICH CONDITIONS DO YOU SEE SPHEROCYTES
1. mikowski 2. warm AIHA
45
HOWEL JOLLY BODIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH
HYposplenism
46
epi of g6pdh
mediterranean african

PATHOPHYS (14 decks)

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