KIDNEYS AND SUPRARENAL GLANDS

Question 1

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are encased in complex layers of ……. and…..

Answer 1

fascia and fat.

Question 2

The complex layer that encased kidney are arranged as
…………
…………
…………
……….. (From deep to superficial):

Answer 2

Renal capsule – tough fibrous capsule.
Perirenal fat – collection of extraperitoneal fat.
Renal fascia (also known as Gerota’s fascia or perirenal fascia) – encloses the kidneys and the suprarenal glands.
Pararenal fat – mainly located on the posterolateral aspect of the kidney.

Question 3

Internally, the kidneys have an …….. and …..

Answer 3

intricate and unique structure.

Question 4

The renal parenchyma can be divided into two main areas ….. and …….

Answer 4

– the outer cortex and inner medulla.

Question 5

The …….. extends into the medulla, dividing it into triangular shapes – these are known as renal pyramids.

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

The apex of a renal pyramid is called a ……..

Answer 6

renal papilla

Question 7

Each renal papilla is associated with a structure known as the ….., which collects urine from the pyramids.

Answer 7

minor calyx

Question 8

Several minor calices merge to form a ……

Answer 8

major calyx.

Question 9

……… passes through the major calices into the renal pelvis, a flattened and funnel-shaped structure.

Answer 9

Urine

Question 10

From the ……., urine drains into the ureter, which transports it to the bladder for storage.

Answer 10

renal pelvis

Question 11

The medial margin of each kidney is marked by a ……. known as the renal hilum.

Answer 11

deep fissure,

Question 12

….. acts as a gateway to the kidney – normally the renal vessels and ureter enter/exit the kidney via this structure.

Answer 12

Renal hilium