Kidneys Only Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
Filtration of liquid part of the blood under high pressure
The glomerulus filters water, urea, ions, and glucose from the blood.
What role does the Bowman’s capsule play in the nephron?
Collects the filtrate from the glomerulus
The Bowman’s capsule is the initial part of the nephron that receives filtered fluid.
What is the main function of nephrons in the kidneys?
Filtering blood and reabsorbing useful substances to form urine
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys.
What substances are reabsorbed during the nephron process?
- Water
- Ions
- Glucose
Useful substances are selectively reabsorbed back into the blood.
What happens to the substances that are not reabsorbed in the nephron?
They are excreted as urine
This includes waste products like urea and excess ions.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys help to regulate _______ content by controlling how much water is reabsorbed.
water
This regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis.
What is the role of the loop of Henle in osmoregulation?
Reabsorbs more water in animals living in drought conditions
Longer loops of Henle allow for greater water reabsorption.
What hormone is involved in the adjustment of water levels in the blood?
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
True or False: Proteins and blood cells can pass through the membranes during filtration in the nephron.
False
Larger molecules like proteins and blood cells are not filtered out.
What is the end product of the nephron’s filtration and reabsorption process?
Urine
The final product is formed after the necessary reabsorption of water and other substances.
What are the three main roles of the kidneys?
- Removal of urea from the blood
- Adjustment of ion levels in the blood
- Adjustment of water content of the blood
These functions are crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
What can happen to animal cells if the concentration of water in the blood is too high?
Cells may burst
Excess water moving into cells can lead to osmotic imbalance.
What can happen to animal cells if the concentration of water in the blood is too low?
Cells may shrink
Water moves out of cells into the blood, causing them to lose volume.
Fill in the blank: The kidneys are important for _______ in the body.
osmoregulation
They play a significant role in maintaining fluid balance.
What is the purpose of the selectively permeable membrane in a dialysis machine?
To allow waste substances and excess ions to diffuse out of the blood while retaining larger molecules like proteins.
What can happen to a donor kidney after transplantation?
The donor kidney can be rejected by the patient’s immune system.
What is the main treatment for kidney disease?
Kidney transplant.
What precautions are taken to prevent kidney rejection?
Choosing a donor with a closely matching tissue type and treating the patient with immune-suppressing drugs.
Why are donor kidneys usually transplanted from people who have died suddenly?
Because they are often the only available source of healthy kidneys.
Fill in the blank: The dialysis fluid has the same concentration of _______ as blood plasma.
salts and glucose
True or False: Dialysis must be done regularly to maintain the correct concentrations of dissolved substances in the blood.
True
What is the role of the dialysis machine?
To filter the blood for patients with kidney failure.
What are common waste products removed during dialysis?
Urea, excess ions, and water.
