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SMG KELLEY > KILL CHAIN SHIT 2 > Flashcards

KILL CHAIN SHIT 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Target location is the determination of the?

A

Enemy position in relation to the shooter or other friendly forces

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2
Q

Common methods for determining target location (3)

A

CLOCK
-12 based on dir of mvmnt

GRID
-Least preferred

ORIENTATION
-Tracer
-IR

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3
Q

Sector Sketches

Engagement area (EA) Names

A

Names are state names.

All EAs border other EAs.

Adjacent EAs mirror the States geography

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4
Q

Sector Sketches

Objectives

A

Names are professional sport team names from the states whose names the related EAs bear.

The placements of multiple objectives directly relate to their actual geographic locations in an EA’s namesake.

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5
Q

Sector Sketches

Phase Line

A

Names are city names from the states whose names the related EAs bear.

Multiple PLs within an EA receive names in the same manner but also in relation to their actual geographic locations within the EA’s namesake.

For example, within EA Colorado, PL Pueblo is south of PL Denver.

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6
Q

Sector Sketches

TRPs

A

Numerical/ direction based

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7
Q

Useful Graphic Control Measures (4)

A

Areas
-ENGAGEMENT
-OBJECTIVES
-Sector of FIRE

Quadrants
-FRIENDLY OR TERRAIN BASED

Points

Lines
-RESTRICTIVE FIRE LINE
-MAX ENG LINE
-FPL

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8
Q

Areas

Objectives

A

Locations used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. The size and shape of an objective is mission specific

This graphic control measure is useful for orienting fires and in locating. The objective remains divisible into quadrants, sectors, or other partitions, as necessary.

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9
Q

Areas

Sector of Fire

A

Area assigned to a unit or weapon system in which it will engage the enemy

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10
Q

Means of designating sectors of fire include— (4)

A

TRPs.

Clock directions.

Terrain-based quadrants.

Friendly-forces based quadrants.

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11
Q

Quadrants

A

Quadrants are four separate sectors, or subdivisions of an area, created by superimposing a pair of perpendicular axes over the terrain.

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12
Q

Terrain-based quadrants

A

Have a TRP, either existing or constructed, as the origin (intersection) of the axes that are dividing the area into four tracts. Both offensive and defensive operations employ this technique.

A terrain-based quadrant is an area of interest divided into four portions based on the terrain and in accordance with the tactical need for mission command purposes.

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13
Q

Friendly-forces-based quadrants

A

Cover the unit’s formation as the coordinate plane.

The origin is the center of the formation, and the axes run parallel and perpendicular to the general direction of travel.

For rapid orientation, this technique may serve better than the clock method because different elements of a large formation are rarely oriented in the same direction, and the relative dispersion of friendly forces imposes the parallax effect on the target

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14
Q

TRPs should be visible by what 3 observation modes?

A

Naked Eye

Image Intensifying

Thermal Optics

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15
Q

TRP Examples (4)

What is a TRP?

A

MUST BE VISIBLE THRU NAKED EYE, IMAGE INTENSIFYING AND THERAL!!!!!

Easy to identify/ does not move.

  1. Prominent hill masses.
  2. Distinctive buildings.
  3. Observable enemy positions.
  4. Destroyed vehicles

TRP: point on ground used to orient friendly forces and control direct fires

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16
Q

TRAVERSE

A

For turret VICs to orient main armament onto target

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17
Q

TARGET DESIGNATE

A

VC/Gunner controls for auto locate

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18
Q

Process of Decide (CP1 P6 M4)

A

Combat Power
- achieve desired effects

Prioritization
- destroy most dangerous threat first
- near before far
- frontal before flank
- STA before moving
- kill to protect force
- kill at tactically relevant distance

Method
- mass effects of fire
- avoid trgt overkill
- fire patterns
- engagement techniques

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19
Q

Engagement Decision Table

A
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20
Q

Fire Patterns

A
  • Frontal Fire
  • Cross Fire
  • Depth Fire
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21
Q

5 steps of Engagement Decision

A

Combat Power
- what can be used to achieve desired effects

Prioritization

Method

Target confirmation

Contingency plans

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22
Q

Frontal fire:

A

Typical use is against multiple targets arrayed in front of the unit in a lateral configuration.

Weapon systems engage targets to their respective fronts.

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23
Q

Cross fire:

A

Use is against targets arrayed laterally across the unit’s front in a manner permitting diagonal fires at the enemy’s flank or against obstructions in the battlespace that prevent the unit’s use of frontal fire.

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24
Q

Depth fire:

A

Use is against targets dispersed in-depth and perpendicular to the unit.

The friendly unit’s weapons in the center of the formation engage the closest targets; the flank weapons engage deeper targets.

As the unit destroys targets, weapons shift fire toward the center of the enemy formation

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25
Engagement Techniques (8)
Simultaneous fire. Sequential fire. Alternating fire. Area fire. Time of suppression. Observed fire. Recon by fire - Process of engaging possible ENY locations to draw a tactical response Point fire.
26
Simultaneous fire.
Simultaneous (or volley) fire rapidly masses the effects of fires and can gain fire superiority. For example, a unit may initiate a support by fire operation with simultaneous fire and then revert to alternating or sequential fire to maintain suppression. Simultaneous fire also negates the low probability of the hit and kill of certain antiarmor weapons. For example, a rifle squad may employ simultaneous fire with its AT4s to ensure rapid destruction of a BMP engaging a friendly position
27
Alternating fire.
A pair of elements continuously engage the same point or area target, one at a time. All size elements, from buddy team through company team, may accomplish alternating fire. Alternating fire permits a unit to maintain suppression for a longer duration than does simultaneous fire. It also forces the enemy to acquire and engage alternating points of fire.
28
Observed fire.
Observed fire allows for mutual observation and assistance while protecting the location of the observing elements. Typically, units in a protected defensive position use observed fire when engagement ranges are greater than 2,500 meters. This allows the least amount of friendly exposure to the threat while surgically eliminating targets at the farthest tactically relevant range.
29
Point fire.
Contraction of fire on a specific point When leaders direct point fire, all the unit’s weapons engage the target, firing until either the target is destroyed, or the required time of suppression expires.
30
Area fire.
Area fire distributes the effects of fires over an area with numerous or obscure enemy positions. For a large area, leaders assign sectors of fire to subordinate elements using a terrain-based distribution method such as quadrants. Typically, the primary purpose of area fire is suppression. However, sustaining effective suppression requires judicious control of the rate of fire.
31
Sequential fire.
Using Sequential Fire the subordinate elements of a unit engage the same point or area target, one after another, in an arranged sequence. For example, a mechanized Infantry platoon may sequence the fires of its four Bradley fighting vehicles to gain maximum time of suppression. Sequential fire can also help to prevent the waste of ammunition.
32
Time of suppression.
Time of suppression is the commander-specified, requisite period to suppress an enemy position or force. Suppression time typically depends on the time it will take a supported element to maneuver. Normally, a unit suppresses an enemy position by the sustained rate of fire of its automatic weapons
33
In planning for sustained suppression, leaders consider several factors: (6)
The estimated time of suppression. Size of the area undergoing suppression. Type of target for suppression. Range to the target Rates of fire Available ammunition quantities.
34
Reconnaissance by fire
Reconnaissance by fire is the process of engaging possible enemy locations to elicit a tactical response. Such as return fire or movement. Such a response supports the commander and subordinate leaders in accurate TA and in their ability to mass fires against the enemy element. Typically, a commander directs a subordinate element to conduct reconnaissance by fire.
35
Target Confirmation ( Done Twice)
-Done before fire command is issued -Done as firer makes precise lay onto target
36
Contingency Plan + Branches and Sequels
Plan for extreme limited visibility conditions. Develop contingencies for diminished capabilities. BRANCHES- get out of tactical dilemma quickly SEQUEL- plan for escalation in threats and meet those threats effectively.
37
Immediate Range Determination Methods (4)
LRF Recognition Method 100-meter unit of measure Bracketing ***Note: The recognition, 100-meter unit-of-measure, and bracketing methods are not as exact but are effective when utilized by the well-trained Soldier(s).***
38
Deliberate Range Determination Methods (6)
Mil relationship -WORM -MR 1000 Map and Digital Map Reference Known range -Sketch Card Adjacent element Flash-to-bang
39
Laser Range Finder Method And reasons for failure
A laser range finder (LRF) is a device used by the Soldier to determine range to target typically accurate to within +/- 10 meters. -Damaged LRF -Multiple Returns from targets smaller than beam width -VIC loss power -ENY Slew to Que -Smoke -Fog/ Rain/ Snow
40
100-Meter Unit of Measure Method
To use the 100-meter unit-of-measure method, the leader or firer visualizes 100 meters on the ground (or approximately one football field). For ranges up to 500 meters, estimate the number of 100-meter increments between the two objects being measured to find the estimated range. Beyond 500 meters, the leader or firer should select a point halfway to the object, determine the number of 100-meter increments to the halfway point, and doubles the distance to find the estimated range to the object.
41
Deliberate Range Determination Methods (5)
Mil relationship (commonly referred to as the “WORM” formula or “MR 1000”) Map and Digital Map Reference -least preferred Known range (sketch card) Adjacent element - +- 100 meters Flash-to-bang
42
Types of Fire Commands
Initial Fire Command - initiates direct fire engagement Subsequent Fire Commands - sensing and re-engaging Supplemental fire command - transition to another target
43
Elements of a Fire Command ALERT: Two functions
ALERT is the first element of the fire command. All types of fire commands (initial, subsequent, and supplemental) begin with an alert to the firing element. The alert performs two functions: -Notifies (alerts) the firing element of a pending engagement. -It identifies which members of the firing element are to fire.
44
Elements of a Fire Command WPN AND AMMO
The second element of the fire command. It identifies to the crew or small unit which weapon and ammunition types to fire during the engagement. Circumstances may allow for the omission of this element.
45
Elements of a Fire Command TARG DESCRIPTION
The third element of a fire command. It is the description is of any threats the small unit or crew is to engage. All fire commands, regardless of the firer are required to have a target description. The purpose of the target description is to identify which target the firer is to engage
46
Wbat does METHOD communicate
The fourth element of a fire command. It communicates to the firer the way in which the firer is to engage the targets. This is accomplished by giving the firer a Modifier such as. Prioritization Fire Pattern Engagement Technique
47
Elements of a Fire Command LOCATION
The fifth element of a fire command. It provides any necessary direction or elevation information to the threat, so it is optional. It serves to guide the firer onto the target in various ways.
48
Elements of a Fire Command Means to communicate direction (7) and elevation (3)
49
Elements of a Fire Command RANGE
The sixth element of a fire command. It tells the firer what range to set on the weapon sight, to index, or to apply to the fire control system. When announcing the specific range, a leader typically uses even 100- or 1,000-meter increments such as ONE EIGHT HUNDRED, TWO THOUSAND
50
Elements of a Fire Command CONTROLS
The seventh element of a fire command. It enables the leader to manage ammunition and friendly exposure to the threat, to reinforce the ROE, or to create pre-engagement conditions. The controls are specific to the timing of the engagement to enable the massing of fires. A fire command may employ multiple controls. Controls in a collective fire command can delegate to a subordinate leader the authority to issue the command
51
Elements of a Fire Command EXECUTION
The eighth element of a fire command. All fire commands (initial, subsequent, or supplementary) require a command of execution for the firer to commence the engagement. Only the small unit leader in a position of authority may announce a command of execution.
52
Elements of a Fire Command EFFECTS
The nineth element of a fire command. It Evaluates the recent direct fire engagement and is useful for determining the effects on the target and whether additional rounds are necessary to achieve the desired outcome. Examples of level of destruction (effects) on targets are: Suppression: Mobility Kill: Firepower Kill: Catastrophic Kill: Combined Kill:
53
Mobility Kill:
Mobility kills have been successful when the effects of fire degrade a threat’s ability to move under its own power, but the threat is still able to use weapon systems. This does not apply to dismounted targets
54
Firepower Kill:
Firepower kills prevent a threat’s use of weapon systems. This does not apply to dismounted targets
55
Combined Kill:
Combined kills have been successful when both a mobility and firepower kill render an enemy vehicle ineffective for combat. This does not apply to dismounted targets
56
Catastrophic Kill:
Catastrophic kills effect the total loss of enemy weapon systems, mobility, and all onboard equipment. This applies to all target types. The sensing of a catastrophic kill announces TARGET, TARGET. The duplicated sensing announcement declares a catastrophic kill.
57
EFFECTS on the target undergo evaluation by three basic assessments:
Sensing: Doubtful (Left or Right) Lost Over Short Target Kill Indicators: Vehicle stops moving. Vehicle stops firing. Vehicle is smoking from what appears to be internal damage. Vehicle explodes. Crew abandons the vehicle. Level of destruction: (Previous slide)
58
Termination
Every direct fire engagement is terminated with the announcement of CEASEFIRE Can be initiated by anyone and cannot be overturned
59
Contact Report
Anyone may submit a contact report Alerts Commander of Enemy Contact
60
Types Of Threat Levels (4)
Most Dangerous Dangerous Least Dangerous High Payoff
61
Four required Elements of fire command
ALERT TARGET DESCRIPTION EXECUTION EFFECTS
62
9 elements of Fire Command
Alert Weapon/AMMO Target Description Method Location Range Controls Execution Effects
63
Objectives
Used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes in direction and provide for unity of effort.
64
4 types of Lines
Maximum Engagement Line o depth of the sector limited to the MERs of the weapon systems. Restrictive Fire Line o linear fire control measure that prohibits engagement beyond it without coordination Phase Lines o lateral separation of an area by terrain or by a change in operational function, maneuver or control FPL o line of fire where an enemy assault is to be checked by interlocking fire from all available weapons and obstacles.
65
MIL Realtion
1 mil in elevation is equal to 1 meter at 1,000m
66
What is a MIL? How many mils in 1°?
1/6400 of a circle 17.78mils in 1°
67
9 Elements of Fire Command
ALERT- **required** WPN/AMMO TARG DESCRIPTION- **required** METHOD -situational LOCATION -situational • direction/ elevation •designate •clock •traverse •graphic control measures •grid •pointer •ref point •sector/ quadrant RANGE -situational CONTROLS -situational •at my command EXECUTION **required** •fire commands •on the way EFFECTS **required** •criteria for BDA •mobility kill •catastrophic kill •firepower kill •suppression •combined kill
68
Who does suppression apply to? What are the 3 purposes of Suppressive fire? What is the primary purpose of suppression?
Applies only to dismounts 1. Kill/Destroy targets as quickly as possible 2. Stop or alter ENY engagement process 3. To allow friendly forces to engage and maneuver on ENY more accurately Keep their heads down and reduce ability to shoot, move or observe
69
Sensings
Doubtful left or right Lost Over Short Target
70
Kill Indicators
VIC stops moving VIC stops firing VIC is smoking from internal damage VIC explodes Crew abandons VIC
71
Responses to a Fire Command
Modifier • confirmation of modifier from VC Clarification • gunner need additional info to clarify Movement • provides guidance and direction to crew
72
SPOT report
Follows contact report Provides Intel and statuses to higher
73
BDA
Provides accurate estimate of damage
74
What Are the Kill Indicators? (5)
Vehicle stops moving. Vehicle stops firing. Vehicle is smoking from what appears to be internal damage. Vehicle explodes. Crew abandons the vehicle.
75
What SYSTEMS are used for target location?
Traverse Target designation
76
What do Graphic Control Measures provide? What are 4 useful GCM? What IS a Graphic Control Measure?
Provide rapid means of locating targets Areas Quadrants Points Lines Symbol used on maps displayed to control forces and war fighting functions
77
What is an Engagement Area
area where the commander intends to contain and destroy the enemy with the massed effects of all available weapons and supporting systems
78
What is an Objective
Used to orient operations Facilitate changes in direction Provide for unity of effort
79
Combat Power purpose and sub categories
What can be used to achieve desired effects DIRECT FIRE INDIRECT FIRE TARGET HANDOFF SURVEILLANCE NON LETHAL
80
Prioritization Purpose and Sub Categories
MOST DANGEROUS/ DANGEROUS/ LEAST DANGEROUS/ HIGH PAYOFF Near before Far Frontal before Flank STA before Moving Kill to Protect Force Kill at Tactically Relevant Distance
81
Method sub categories
Fire Patters Engagement Techniques
82
Target Confirmation Sub Categories
Range to Target Combat Power Appropriate to Threat Target Discriminated as FOE Positve Identification
83
Contingencies sub categories
Branches Sequels

SMG KELLEY (16 decks)

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