Kin 101: Chapter 4

Question 1

What does Respiration mean?
Double check slide show

Answer 1

It refers to the human metabolism

Question 2

Thermodynamics 1

Answer 2

Law of the Conservation of Energy

Question 3

Energy

Answer 3

Gives the ability to preform work

Question 3

Thermodynamics 2

Answer 3

The physical process is irreversible, the entropy of the system and the environment must increase; the final entropy must be greater than the initial entropy

Question 4

Transport Work

Answer 4

moving particles and concentration gradients

Question 5

Chemical Work

Answer 5

Making and breaking chemical bonds

Question 6

Mechanical Work

Answer 6

Contract muscles, moving organelles, changing cell shape, beating cilia + flagella

Question 7

Forms of Energy

Answer 7

Kinetic and Potential

Question 7

Reaction Rates (what to they take into account)

Answer 7

Change in the [reactions] or [products] per unit in time

Question 8

How do Chemical Reactions use energy

Answer 8

Reactions transform potential energy into kinetic energy for growth, and maintenance

Question 9

Types of Reactions

Answer 9

Combination
Decomposition
Single replacement
Double replacement

Question 10

Slide 10

Question 10

Activation Energy

Answer 10

The amount of energy needed in order to start a reaction

Question 11

Free Energy

Answer 11

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 12

Net Free Energy

Answer 12

Change determines reaction reversibility

Question 13

Condensation

Answer 13

Is a combination: where gas has cooled back into a liquid form. An example is a glass of ice-cold soda sitting outside on a hot summer day.

Question 14

Endergonic

Answer 14

Absorbing energy in the form of work

Question 14

Hydrolysis

Answer 14

Is decomposition; dissolving a salt of a weak acid or base in water

Question 15

Excergonic

Answer 15

Releasing energy in the form of work

Question 16

Enzyme

Answer 16

Active/binding site interacts with a substrate to accelerate process from substrate to product. They can be used again and released back into the environment.

Question 17

Isoenzymes

Answer 17

A group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different enzyme forms and catalytic efficiencies (lactate)

Question 18

Affects on Enzymes

Answer 18

Activated, inactivated, or Modulated

Question 19

Reversible Reactions

Answer 19

1. one enzyme for both directions
2. two enzymes to control reaction both ways

Question 20

Irreversible Reactions

Answer 20

Lack the enzyme for the reverse reaction

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

All chemical reactions that take place in an organism

Question 22

Catabolic

Answer 22

Energy-releasing breakdown (promoting metabolic activity concerned with the breakdown of complex molecules and the release of energy within the organisms)

Question 23

Anabolic

Answer 23

Energy-utilizing synthesis (promoting metabolic activity concerned with the biosynthesis of complex molecules)

Question 24

Kilocalories

Answer 24

Energy released from or stored in chemical bonds

Question 25

Calories

Answer 25

A unit of energy equivalent to the heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C

Question 26

Intermediates

Answer 26

The relative location of an anatomical structure lying between two other structures

Question 27

Proenzymes

Answer 27

A biologically inactive substance which is metabolized into an enzyme

Question 28

Coenzymes

Answer 28

A nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme

Question 29

NADH

Answer 29

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)." It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy. Carrier of high energy electrons.

Question 30

What does Oxygen act as in the Mitochondria membrane?

Answer 30

Electron Acceptor

Question 31

What provides energy, but does not store it?

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

Glycolysis

Answer 32

1 glucose = 30 - 32 ATP

Question 33

Beta Oxidation

Answer 33

1 triglyceride = 480 ATP

Question 34

Aerobic Metabolism

Answer 34

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates

Question 35

Anaerobic Metabolism

Answer 35

ATP production without oxygen

Question 36

Comparmentalization (why and how add)

Answer 36

Concentrates enzymes and metabolites and also separates them, as a means of controlling reactions.

Question 37

Transcription

Answer 37

Synthesis of a messenger RNA to mRNA, to tRNA, to rRNA

Question 38

Translation

Answer 38

Assembly of amino acids into protein chains

Question 39

Steps of Energy Metabolism

Answer 39

1. Glycolysis - pyruvate and lactate 2. Gluconeogenesis – glucose-6-phosphatase during to form glucose 3. Glycogenesis – Storage as glycogen 4. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) – The generation of NADPH molecules allows fatty acid synthesis

Question 40

Phosphorylation of ATP

Question 41

NADH

Question 41

Pyruvate

Question 42

Double Phospholipid Bilayer

Question 43

What are sugars and fats?

Answer 43

Fuel tank of the body

Question 44

Are fats quick or slow in CAC?

Answer 44

Slow

Question 45

What type of training speeds up ATP production?

Answer 45

After aerobic training you get way more citric acid cycle enzymes, more atp at quicker rate

Question 46

What does negative feedback attempt to do?

Answer 46

Bring everything back to homeostasis

Question 47

Glucagon

Answer 47

A peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Hypoglycemia is physiologically the most potent secretory stimulus

Question 48

Anything that needs to be contained can be described as what?

Answer 48

Internal Environment

Question 49

Law of Mass Action

Answer 49

Dump into the side the reaction will proceed to equilibrium overall, must push reaction vs mass balance; the organism level, protein and bodybuilding